tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-78059106630252230052024-03-07T22:29:31.417-08:00Statistics data analysisgalvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.comBlogger272125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-88632535251565511542020-08-28T02:17:00.001-07:002020-08-28T02:17:05.628-07:00Nursing contribution to patient recovery from anaesthesia EssayNursing commitment to understanding recuperation from sedation - Essay Example The key target of nursing care during the post-sedative period is consequently fixated on guaranteeing safe recuperation of patients following medical procedure, elevating ideal physical solace to empower speedier mending among the patients, reestablishing homeostasis (Miller, 2010) and finding a way to forestall or potentially limit wounds. Perianesthesia medical attendants are depended with the obligation of guaranteeing that the patient recuperates securely from sedation and are dealt with in the post sedative consideration unit. The patients recouping from sedation are exceptionally powerless against different intricacies. The perioperative medical attendants should thus guarantee to think about the patient's age, sedative specialists, singular medical issues and so forth which may straightforwardly affect the post-usable consideration and offer ascent to complexities, for example, the danger of hypotension, bronchospasm, and so on (Iyer, Levin, and Shea, 2006). The post sedation care is commonly separated into three stages which include: Phase 1: Early recuperation PACU In this stage the patient is moved from the OR (working space) to the Post-sedation Care Unit (PACU) and gave clinical help following the consummation of a surgery (Day, Paul, and Williams, 2009). This stage involves arrangement of concentrated clinical consideration to the patients which is the essential obligation of the anesthesiologist or anesthetist (O'Connell et al., 2010). Stage 2: Self-care stage/Recovery room In this stage the patient is set up for self-care or directed consideration in an all-inclusive consideration setting. The recuperation stage may keep going for a few days relying upon singular conditions of every patient (Day, Paul, and Williams, 2009). Stage 3: Discharge In this stage the patient is set up for release from the medical clinic setting. This stage remembers cautious arranging and dealing with for the piece of the guardians which incorporates guaranteeing that t he patient is completely reestablished to their pre-usable stage before release (Day, Paul, and Williams, 2009). Fig: Patient recuperation from sedation â⬠Recovery stage Source: Day, Paul, and Williams (2009: 501) The key job of attendants in guaranteeing powerful recuperation of patients from sedation is examined in detail in the accompanying area. Job of recuperation nurture in guaranteeing tolerant recuperation from sedation: One of the key prerequisites of guaranteeing successful patient recuperation from sedation is to guarantee that medical attendants have satisfactory information and mindfulness with respect to the patient's degree of sedation since such mindfulness encourages them to design and create fitting security measures (Spry, 2005). The perioperative or post-sedation care is one of the fundamental components of nursing care. The conventional job and extent of recuperation nursing has changed drastically throughout the years with the outcome that the medical caret akers today are required to give top notch care and show propelled nursing aptitudes so as to guarantee tolerant wellbeing and speedier recuperation. As the multifaceted nature of working systems increment, the job of recuperation medical caretakers giving post usable consideration to patients recouping from sedation is turning out to be increasingly testing. The presentation of cutting edge careful innovation and sedative strategies have achieved critical transformations in improving patient fulfillment and moved the job of medical caretakers from guaranteeing customary galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-906056909940502002020-08-22T14:00:00.001-07:002020-08-22T14:00:11.739-07:00Rhetoric in Communication Theory Research PaperTalk in Communication Theory - Research Paper Example Scholars and speakers have fluctuating expectations for the message in their correspondence and, this decides the proper talk for use. Then again, correspondence speculations are hypotheses that endeavor to give a clarification on why individuals impart the manner in which they do. Talk and correspondence speculations are two firmly related subjects. This paper will in this manner investigate the talk in correspondences speculations. There are different correspondence speculations that characterize the connection between the various gatherings engaged with correspondence. The hypotheses additionally clarify why correspondence happens in specific manners. Correspondence speculations likewise clarify how compelling correspondence can be accomplished by improving the connection between the speaker and the crowd. Subjective discord hypothesis is a significant hypothesis in correspondence. Subjective Dissonance hypothesis expresses that dispute encounters are avoidable. As per the hypothe sis, individuals will in general maintain a strategic distance from data that contentions with their convictions (Lisa, 1975). Along these lines, individuals will maintain a strategic distance from a speaker whose data negates their convictions and information. As a rule, data that contradicts the perspectives on the crowd is educational data. What's more, data planned for convincing the crowd can likewise struggle the perspectives on the crowd. ... Correspondence settlement hypothesis is additionally a significant hypothesis in correspondence. This hypothesis contends that a difference in correspondence style has direct outcomes on inspiration. The hypothesis suggests that individuals will in general change their correspondence style so as to fit the crowd. Despite the fact that the speaker is a significant factor in correspondence, the crowd is of equivalent significance. Compelling correspondence will in this way, rely upon the connection between the two gatherings. The talk in settlement hypothesis targets making a strong domain between the speaker and the crowd. The hypothesis contends that speakers will in general modify their talking styles so as to suit the crowd (Miller, 2005). This suggests a viable speaker ought to have a thought on the correspondence style that the crowd anticipates. Speakers can convince a crowd of people on the off chance that they apply a correspondence style that is adequate between the two gathe rings. Correspondingly, a speaker is equipped for convincing the crowd if the correspondence style utilized match the desires for the crowd. In many correspondences, the crowd is unequipped for deciding the correspondence or their associations with the speaker. Notwithstanding, the speaker can change the correspondence or their relationship with the crowd. Changing the correspondence style to coordinate the crowd desires is a proof of the adaptability that speakers have. As per the settlement, hypothesis speakers or gatherings associated with correspondence regularly will in general alter their correspondence style so as to meet the desires for the crowd (Miller, 2005).. Altering the correspondence style so as to oblige the desires for the crowd is a correspondence strategy. Speakers apply the galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-67473137899068278482020-08-21T11:41:00.001-07:002020-08-21T11:41:35.705-07:00Artificial Intelligence :: essays research papersThe scholarly foundations of AI, and the idea of insightful machines, might be found in Greek folklore. Wise antiquities show up in writing from that point forward, with genuine (and fake) mechanical gadgets really exhibiting conduct with some level of knowledge. After current PCs opened up following World War II, it has gotten conceivable to make programs that perform troublesome scholarly errands. Considerably more critically, universally useful strategies and devices have been made that permit comparative assignments to be performed. - - - - - Great Places to Start A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence. By Bruce Buchanan, University Professor Emeritus, University of Pittsburgh. An order of critical occasions throughout the entire existence of AI, arranged for the Introduction to AI class at the University of Pittsburgh. [Note: We have started to clarify his history by giving connects to assets in AI TOPICS and elsewhere.] The Big Picture - A Short History of Robotics and Thinking Machines. Some portion of the showing guide for the Scientific American Frontiers in the study hall arrangement: ROBOTS ALIVE! Computer based intelligence's Greatest Trends and Controversies. Marti A. Hearst and Haym Hirsh, Editors. IEEE Intelligent Systems (January/February 2000). A convenient and interesting assortment of perspectives from AI researchers and experts. (Likewise accessible in pdf.) A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence. J. McCarthy, M. L. Minsky, N. Rochester, and C.E. Shannon. August 31, 1955. "We suggest that a multi month, 10 man investigation of man-made consciousness be completed throughout the mid year of 1956 at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The examination is to continue based on the guess that each part of learning or some other component of knowledge can on a basic level be so correctly depicted that a machine can be made to mimic it." And this denotes the introduction of the term "artificial intelligence." Additionally observe this meeting with John McCarthy. The good 'ol days. A meeting (accessible in PDF, Quicktime, and Realmedia) with Donald Michie, Professor Emeritus at the University of Edinburgh, and presently a guest at NSW University of Technology. "Interested in AI from 1942, Donald Michie considered, established and coordinated the UK's first AI research center at Edinburgh, and has since been dynamic in AI extends far and wide. ... His discussion will cover the period from 1942, when Alan Turing was an associate at Bletchley Park, up to 1965, when the Edinburgh AI research facility was genuinely propelled. He will cover the hypotheses, the training, the characters and the legislative issues, and on past structure might be required to do as such without going easy. galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-60886351492875737762020-05-26T12:23:00.001-07:002020-05-26T12:23:02.450-07:00New Step by Step Roadmap for The Odyssey Essay Topics New Step by Step Roadmap for The Odyssey Essay Topics The Odyssey Essay Topics Cover Up To begin with, you want to outline the important points of your paper. Students need to try to interpret the significance of each word through context clues. Each teacher should choose how to tackle these matters with students. If your teacher requires you to keep away from certain topic then you shouldn't choose them. The Basics of the Odyssey Essay Topics In truth, it appears that her entire part in the epic is solely for Odysseus. The complicated nature of both major characters, Odysseus and Penelope, also has an important role in the Odyssey. We even receive a visual of our favourite character! Each character proved their faithfulness differently, but all of them showed a terrific degree of loyalty. Getting cold-hearted definitely isn't a characteristic of a hero. Of course the gods are scared that should they do not return Odysseus home, he'll return there himself in spite of fate. Homer managed to prove that loyalty by presenting it with many diverse characters. It's possible to compare it to the actual life. My friends are also extremely supportive and knowledge of my struggles, and attempt to aid me in any way they are able to. It's customary for women of the opportunity to be at the house of their father should they want to marry. Woodhouse, also discussing Circe, notes that she's not a god in the identical way as Athene. The Battle Over the Odyssey Essay Topics and How to Win It Odyssey essay can handle the analysis of main characters within this epic poem. Consider what you enjoyed in the epic and that which you'd love to talk about. Homer's poem The Odyssey was made in the very first third of the very first millennium BC, in Ionia. The Odyssey This audio vide o provides a synopsis of the epic. Many of the exact same characters can be seen in both poems. HAL also shows signals of evolution as he starts to demonstrate emotion which he wasn't programmed to have. You're able to choose the Odyssey for a fairy tale (very long and detailed) or attempt to get the deep meaning and learn more regarding the Ancient Greek world. In The Odyssey, loyalty is a significant theme which has an influence on the whole epic novel. Find out whatever you need to learn about the movie from the worlds biggest movie destination. The music increases the imagery that emphasizes how big the universe actually is. When it has to do with the things that I would like to accomplish and the goals I have, I am quite determined to have them done. Today, a great number of them serve as political, religious, and societal leaders. In addition, I have plenty of integrity in regards to how I am. Students who reside in a one-parent house can identify with his dilemmas. The subsequent short excerpt indicates a number of the hospitality. As a consequence, most students complain of a feeling of disconnection from poetry. The characters are reborn, and whenever a new great trait is observed inside them. Although the most important character and bulk of different characters are males, women also play very important function in the Odyssey. You've got an audience who has some background understanding of the book isn't intimately acquainted with the content. The movie connects to individuals at a personal level, which isn't an exception since any bit of art will probably trigger some sort of response, positive or negative. It's significant for the additional research. Just choose your interested area of study or research and get started writing. Choosing The Odyssey Essay Topics Once you have finished with the introductory part, is about time to begin considering how to compose the Odyssey essay body. Students often try to find the Odyssey paper topics on the web, and there's nothing weird about it. Paste a duplicate of the writing prompt on top of your essay. Even when you have read the entire book, it is essential to do a little bit of research. The procedure for writing this portion of the essay demands the total concentration. Or maybe you are teaching a literature class about various classics from all over the world. You ought to search for the high-quality essay examples on the identical topic and have a peek at their introduction so as to compare them and evaluate what type of the beginning sounds more effective. galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-28141665221402984902020-05-15T18:58:00.001-07:002020-05-15T18:58:08.023-07:00The Problem of Evil in Our World Essay - 1302 Words During World War II about 65 million people died, during the famines in British India about 27 million people died, during the fall of the Ming Dynasty about 25 million people died, during the Stalin Dictatorship about 20 million people died (White), during the Boston Marathon Bombing three people died (ââ¬Å"Boston Marathon Terror Attack Fast Factsâ⬠), and according to the Central Intelligence Agency out of 100,000 people, 839 die per year (ââ¬Å"The World Factbookâ⬠). Have you ever wondered how many of those 829 people are actually murdered, stripped out of their lives? 5.3 out of every 100,000 people are murdered yearly and most of them are innocent people (ââ¬Å"Assault or Homicideâ⬠). Even though the world has always strived to enforced justice inâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦During times were evil arises God is placed under great scrutiny. People wonder and people question, some people even end up losing their faith all together. There is a constant doubt in God; if god is omnipotent and good, why is he not stopping evil and defending his creation? Why is he letting evil take over people who are innocent? If God is morally perfect and powerful and even still he is not stopping evil from spreading, does God really exist? It is with that line of questions that people lose their faith with. They lose their trust in God, and his existence. The Holocaust is one if not the most prominent example of the issues with theodicy. The Holocaust was a systematic persecution and murder of approximately 6 million Jews during World War II by the Nazi regime. This persecution was sponsored by Germany and leaded by Adolf Hitler. The ideology behind the attempted extermination of Jews was that Germans believed that they were the superior race and the Jews were not only inferior but they also presented a threat towards the German race. But they did not only persecute Jews, they also went after Gypsies, Poles, Russians, Communists, Socialist, Jehovahââ¬â ¢s Witnesses, homosexuals, mentally and physically disabled people, among others. All the people who got incarcerated by the Nazis were brutally abused, starved,Show MoreRelatedThe Existence Of God And The Battle Between Good And Evil1386 Words à |à 6 PagesGod and the battle between good and evil has been a topic of much discussion for centuries. Through the philosophical scope, there is a ââ¬Å"Problem of Evilâ⬠that challenges the existence an all-powerful God if there is evil in the world. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, was a German philosopher who argued about the topic of the problem of evil. Leibniz argued that (1) evil is not necessary; (2) that there is evil in the world because as humans we are restricted in our knowledge since we are merely made inRead MoreEvil, Moral And Natural Evil1408 Words à |à 6 Pagesremove all evils but not able to? Then he must not be all powerful. The Greek philosopher Epicurus stated: is he able but not willing? Then God must not be all good. Is he able and willing? Then why is there evil? Or is God neither? In that case why is there a being called God? These particular questions lead to the problem of evil argument, which is an argument against the existence of God. Evil is all things that are bad in the world. There are two types of evil, moral and natural evil. This includesRead More God And The Problem Of Evil Essay1252 Words à |à 6 PagesGod And The Problem Of Evil Everyday it is possible to read a newspaper, or turn on TV or radio news and learn about evil going on in our world. Banks are robbed, cars are stolen, violent murders and rapes are committed. Somewhere in the world the aftershock of an earthquake is being felt. Cancer is killing millions of people each year, while other debilitating conditions continue to affect many with no cure to end their suffering. President Bush said that our country is fighting a war againstRead MoreThe Problem of Evil1648 Words à |à 7 PagesThe problem of evil is the notion that, how can an all-good, all-powerful, all-loving God exists when evil seems to exist also. The problem of evil also gives way to the notion that if hell exists then God must be evil for sending anyone there. I believe both of these ideas that God can exist while there is evil and God is not evil for sending anyone to hell. I believe hell exists in light of the idea that God is holy and just. The larger is how anyone can go to heaven . I will try to answer the problemRead MoreThe Problem Of Evil And Moral Evil1093 Words à |à 5 Pagesare made to explain the problem of evil and why it exists in our world when God is all-knowing, all-powerful, and all-good. The subject of evil and why it exists is a difficult topic to find an exact answer to, especially when evil is presented in the form of nature. Natural evil and moral evil are two different types of evil that take form and cause suffering to humans. Natural evil is ââ¬Å"events and maladies in nature that bring suffering upon mankind and nature.â⬠Natural evil can be difficult to explainRead MoreEvil : Evil And Evil1300 Words à |à 6 PagesIf we are living in a world that was created by a perfect being, why are there imperfect aspects? If this ultimate being or creator (I will say God for purpose of this paper) is fundamentally good and moral, and is even unable to create evil, then how did evil come to be in the life we are living? According to the problem of evil, if there is a God, there is no evil. But because there is evil in the world, the conclusion can be drawn that there is no God (Sober). At first glance, this argument isRead MoreWriting Style Used : Mla912 Words à |à 4 PagesHamartiology: The Problem of Evil Hamartiology, also known as the doctrine of sin, has been debated for centuries due to the confusion about the existence of evil in the world God created. This doctrine is more than an explanation for the problem of evil, but it affects our relationship with our all-powerful, all-loving God. The problem of evil, indeed, is an issue that objects to the belief of God s existence. Being the label for a series of problems involving God and evil, evil is seen in manyRead MoreA Bible Study Session At The Emanuel African Methodist Church1408 Words à |à 6 Pagesattack, all our nation could do is ask, ââ¬Å"Why?â⬠Why someone so full of hate, would take the lives of innocent people who only wished to gather and worship the Lord. Many Christian also began to ask God why? The victims, as far as we know, were good people. Why would God allow such evil to occur, especially in a church? Better yet, why does God allow any evil to occur? The Problem of Evil is that if an omnipotent, omniscient, and omnibenevolent god exists, then evil does not but evil exist. ThereforeRead MoreThe Problem Of Evil By Robert M. Adams1499 Words à |à 6 PagesTHE PROBLEM OF EVIL IN THE WORLD Evil is in the eye of the beholder, sometimes a daily reality. To present the problem of evil you must first know that evil exists. Since God reveals himself as the all-powerful, all knowing and all good, how can the same God allow evil to exist and for bad things to happen to good people? Our suffering, as well as the suffering of others, vividly marks the presence of evil in our world. The majority of us struggle at one time or another in life with why evil happensRead More`` Logical Problem Of Evil `` By Lee Strobel1377 Words à |à 6 PagesSeems like each day we turn on our televisions, open up our Internet browsers or turn on our smartphones weââ¬â¢re confronted with some disturbing news of people doing unimaginable acts to each other, to animals, to our planet or horrible things happening to people all across the globe. At some point, possibly even to the non-believers, the questions of a higher power and its existence comes into question as we debate on how or why if Go d is All Powerful, All Knowing, and All Good, how can He allow galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-27858500696521281722020-05-06T16:58:00.001-07:002020-05-06T16:58:22.561-07:00Literary Analysis Death of a Salesman Essay - 1705 Words After all the highways, and the trains, and the years, you end up worth more dead than alive, (Miller, 98). This quote was spoken by the main character of the Arthur Miller play Death of a Salesman: Willy Loman. This tragedy takes place in Connecticut during the late 1940s. It is the story of a salesman, Willy Loman, and his familyââ¬â¢s struggles with the American Dream, betrayal, and abandonment. Willy Loman is a failing salesman recently demoted to commission and unable to pay his bills. He is married to a woman by the name of Linda and has two sons, Biff and Happy. Throughout this play Willy is plagued incessantly with his and his sonââ¬â¢s inability to succeed in life. Willy believes that any ââ¬Å"well-likedâ⬠and ââ¬Å"personally attractiveâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Willy is also fired from his long time job. He feels abandoned by his boss and snubbed after all his long years of hard work. Perhaps the most damaging abandonment in Willyââ¬â¢s life i s from that of his sons. All these factors combined attribute to Willyââ¬â¢s feelings that a he is worth more dead than alive. Consequently Willy makes many failed attempts at committing suicide. Ironically he does so many times by inhaling gas through a rubber tube. This is ironic being that gas is used to provide an essential element of comfort he struggles to provide his family. Willy is metaphorically and literally being killed by the gas particles. In the end Willy is successful in his last suicide attempt. He has reached bottom low and feels he is truly worth more to his family dead than alive. Throughout this play, Miller uses Willyââ¬â¢s failed goal of reaching the American Dream to show the effects of abandonment on the ability of Willy to decipher reality from fiction, the toll on his family, and his fragile emotional state. Throughout this play Miller portrays his main character, Willy Loman, as senile, unsuccessful and slightly insane. Willyââ¬â¢s deran ged personality is in part because his father abandoned him at a young age. Willy also feels abandoned by his cherished brother Ben. Ben went off to become a big success and rich. Willy sees this and it helps lead him to feel inadequate as a manShow MoreRelatedDeath of a Salesman Literary Analysis Essay991 Words à |à 4 PagesTrent Beebe Beebe 1 Mr. Arena 4th hour AP Lang Comp 12/17/09 Death of a Salesman Essay The story, Death of a Salesman, is a story that has many literary devices that help to make it the deep and riveting story that has become an American classic. The use of symbols in the story adds to the overall effect and theme and also creates a different mood that the reader must infer from it. The symbols not only represent something in the story as literally a symbol, but ofRead MoreLiterary Analysis: Arthur Millerââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Death of a Salesmanâ⬠ââ¬â A Tragedy?1416 Words à |à 6 PagesWhat is manââ¬â¢s focus in life? What is manââ¬â¢s purpose in life? Is it materialism and/or the prospect of how others may view him? Should man put their trust in Godââ¬â¢s Word the Bible or leave it up to himself? In ââ¬Å"Death of a Salesmanâ⬠by Arthur Miller, but is it correct to define this theatric drama as a tragedy. According to Klaas Tindemans, ââ¬Å"Aristotleââ¬â¢s concept of tragedy has been perceived as both a descriptive and a normative concept: a description of a practice as it should be continuedâ⬠thereforeRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman1027 Words à |à 5 PagesAn Analysis of Tragic Heroism of Biff Loman in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller This literary study will define the tragic heroism of Biff Loman in Arthur Millerââ¬â¢s play The Death of a Salesman. Biff is initially a victim of Willyââ¬â¢s continual harassment to make more money and find a better career. In this family unit, Biff must endure the unrealistic and fantasy-based elusions of his father in his fanatical pursuit of the American Dream. However, Biff soon learns of Willyââ¬â¢s extra-marital betrayalRead MoreFailure Of The American Dream In The Writings Of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Zora Neale Hurston, And August Wilson1418 Words à |à 6 PagesThis literary study will define the failure of the â⬠American Dreamâ⬠in the writings of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Arthur Miller, Zora Neale Hurston, and August Wilson. Fitzgeraldââ¬â¢s account of the Jay Gatsby s rise to fame in the 1920s defines the failure of financial success as part of the American Dream. Gatsby will eventually die due to his excessive greed, which is not unlike the emotional deat h of Willy Loman as he fails to become a successful salesman in Author Millerââ¬â¢s Death of a Salesman. MoreRead MoreWilly Loman, the Modern Hero in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman1739 Words à |à 7 Pagesrelatable; therefore, the audience would become attached to the character, allowing them to feel the heroââ¬â¢s pain or joy. Most importantly, they were able to learn from the characters misjudgments and take something of moral fiber away from the play. A literary term that is similar to morality is known as the tragic flaw. As defined in the book, Literature, an Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama and Writing, on page G30, tragic flaw is the fatal weakness or moral flaw in the protagonist that brings himRead MoreHamartia in Oedipus Rex and Death of a Salesman834 Words à |à 3 PagesHamartia in Oedipus Rex and Death of a Salesman Hamartia is defined as a fatal flaw leading to the downfall of a tragic hero. Aristotle defines a tragic hero to be a man ââ¬Å"who is not completely good and just, whose misfortune is brought out not by vice or immorality, but by some error or weakness.â⬠The three key requirements of Aristotle in regards to a tragic hero are; a high social standing, goodness or moral excellence, or error committed by the hero in unawareness or ignorance. Two quality examplesRead MoreDeath of a Salesman Analysis Essay2107 Words à |à 9 Pagesfamily; however, there has been much debate over whether or not the American dream is still obtainable in modern society. One piece of American literature that substantiates the fact that the American Dream can not be gotten is Arthur Millerââ¬â¢s Death of a Salesman which describes the tragedy of the average person in America. A number of other writers also draw the inability to capture the American Dream. John Steinbeck demonstrates in his highly a cclaimed novel The Grapes of Wrath how hard economic timesRead MoreQuest For Literary Form : The Greeks Believed That The Tragedy1742 Words à |à 7 PagesQuest for literary form The Greeks believed that the tragedy was the greatest form of drama, and Aristotleââ¬â¢s concept of tragedy followed this belief. In the modern times, there has been a change in this view with various authors abandoning the classical form to follow more liberal forms of literacy. (Kennedy Gioia, Pp. 1203) Aristotle s Concept of Tragedy The analysis of Aristotle on tragedy formed the guideline for later poets in the Western civilizationRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1470 Words à |à 6 Pagesto American soil to try at a chance of a better life, and in doing so, they too venture on a path to achieving this so commonly understood ââ¬Å"American Dream.â⬠Arthur Miller, a well-known literary writer in America, seems to disagree with this national phenomena, offering a different view in his play Death of a Salesman. In this play, he demonstrates through the life of an average American family, how this so called ââ¬Å"dreamâ⬠is much more complicated than the world is lead to believe. By using the LomanRead MoreImportance Of Modernism In Modern Theatre1042 Words à |à 5 Pagesworking in this style were no longer imitators; they became the real creators and innovators. When discussing modernism, it is important to understand that this philosophical movement had different ref lections in different types of arts. For example, literary modernism declined in the 1930-s, while theatrical modernism was only gaining popularity. Consequently, theatrical modernism is a separate phenomenon in the world of arts with its unique features, history of development, and timeline. Because the galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-13666562130417792542020-05-05T20:21:00.001-07:002020-05-05T20:21:25.091-07:00Change Management in Fast Track Couriers-Free-Samples for Students Question: Analyse of the Impacts of Managing Change in an Organization. Answer: Introduction This report is based on the case study analysis of Fast Track Couriers Pty. Ltd. Which is a company which delivers couriers and is operational from 15 years in New South Wales. The company mainly delivers couriers of sizes ranging from medium sized to the large ones. The analysis is done based on the problems related to the training that is to be provided to the truck drivers of this courier company. About Fast Track Couriers The employee structure of the company mainly comprises of the General Manager, the Chief Financial Officer, the Accountant, the drivers of the trucks, the team manager in the office, the team members of the office. The communication process of the organization from the management level is done through emails for the head office employees and with the help of newsletters which are printed monthly for the drivers of the trucks. Identifying change goals and impacts The goals of the change management strategy are related to the implementation of GPS or PDA devices in the fleets of the trucks so that the activities of the drivers can be monitored and secondly allotting one person per truck by using lift gates for heavy weights so that the surplus drivers can be used for other trucks. The drivers of the trucks will be impacted the most due to this change, as their activities can be tracked and the organization will also be impacted by the usage of the surplus drivers (Goetsch and Davis 2014). The change will be realised by the organization by the end of the financial year. Identifying change goals in relation to strategic goals of the organization The changes are related to the strategic goals of the organization because the surplus drivers will contribute in the expansion of the business and technological development will help in developing a successful system of distribution management (Langley et al. 2013). Cost benefit analysis required for change implementation The changes are required to fulfil the strategic goals of the organization and in turn increase the profits. The costs related to the change are $1600 for project analyst, $2400 for PDA/GPS trainer and $2400 for the lift gates trainer. Total of $6400 is required. The risks related to the change are that the act negatively towards the change and benefits include the increasing profits for the company. The benefits of the changes are much more feasible as compared to the amount of risks. The changes are feasible for the organization (Becker, Kugeler and Rosemann 2013). Risk analysis of change The risks related to the changes are that the drivers react negatively to any type of change and they do not participate in any type of training and development programs. The trust factor of the organization on the drivers is hurt due to the implementation of changes. The drivers prefer to work only in their two-man team. The drivers need to be motivated by rewards at the end of the change programs by providing them with rewards (Matos Marques Simoes and Esposito 2014). Project plan for change management Stakeholder management The stakeholders of the change management plan are the drivers, the HR manager, the operations or trucking manager and the trainers. The drivers are not committed towards any type of change and the manager also need to motivate them to take part in the change management. The main issue here is the negativity of the main stakeholders, that is, the drivers. The management needs to take initiatives to increase the engagement of the drivers in the activities (Van Der Aalst 2013). Communication plan The audience of the communication plan are the HR managers who are responsible for implementing the change plans, the operations managers who track the activities of the drivers and the drivers. The message will be communicated to the audience with the help of newsletters and emails (By, Burnes and Oswick 2012). Training plan The participants of the training plan are the drivers and the operations managers. The training plan will provide knowledge regarding the implementation and usage of the PDA/GPS devices and operating the heavy lifters. The training will be provided by the GPS and lift trainers during the job itself (Goetsch and Davis 2014). Reporting or measurement strategy The relevant managers who will implement the strategy are the HR managers and the operations managers will track the development of the employees. The information will be submitted to the HR manager, who will prepare the report and submit this is in a monthly basis (Becker, Kugeler and Rosemann 2013). Conclusion From the analysis of the report it can be stated that the changes can prove to be profitable for the company and the drivers as well. The use of the lifts will decrease the chances of injuries of the drivers and the surplus drivers can be used for new trucks purchased by the company References Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Langley, A., Smallman, C., Tsoukas, H. and Van de Ven, A.H., 2013. Process studies of change in organization and management: Unveiling temporality, activity, and flow.Academy of Management Journal,56(1), pp.1-13. Becker, J., Kugeler, M. and Rosemann, M. eds., 2013.Process management: a guide for the design of business processes. Springer Science Business Media. Matos Marques Simoes, P. and Esposito, M., 2014. Improving change management: How communication nature influences resistance to change.Journal of Management Development,33(4), pp.324-341. Van Der Aalst, W.M., 2013. Business process management: a comprehensive survey.ISRN Software Engineering,2013. By, R.T., Burnes, B. and Oswick, C., 2012. Change management: Leadership, values and ethics.Journal of Change Management,12(1), pp.1-5. galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-50016387503479695372020-04-14T16:40:00.001-07:002020-04-14T16:40:02.556-07:00Burial Of Count Orgaz By El Greco Essays - Toledo, Spain Burial of Count Orgaz by El Greco This painting is the Burial of Count Orgaz by El Greco (the Geek) his real name Domenikos Theotocopoulos. It hangs on the wall in the vestibule of the church of Santo Tome in Toledo, Spain and was painted in 1586. It is oil on canvas and was made to fit the very wall it hangs today. The painting does have a Round top making it a very odd fit for anywhere but the church for it to hang. The artist used many dark shades Blue and blacks with yellow and red in the items of importance and detail. White was very common. There was only one other color sort of hid in the robe of St Augastine,Green. He put alot of details in the things that he wanted the audience to pay attention to. The cross for example on the middle right, the keys to the gates of heaven held by saint peter on the top left and a nice touch with the priest with the skull on his rob on the bottom right. This is the first completely personal work by the artist. There are no longer any references to Roman or Venetian formulas or motifs. He has succeeded in eliminating any description of space. There is no ground, no horizon, no sky and no perspective. Accordingly, there is no conflict, and a convincing expression of a supernatural space is achieved. The painting has a couple of oddities with the boy pointing to the seal on the St. Stephen's robe but his other hand is sort of contorted. The faces of the people seem to be stuck here and there and don't seem to be natural flowing like a crowd should be in the mist of a vision .We get a glimpse of the artist above St Augustine's Hat as he looks up at his own art. And the boy is his son turns out to be his son. The painting is very clearly divided into two zones, the heavenly above and the terrestrial below, but there is little feeling of duality. The upper and lower zones are brought together compositionally (e.g., by the standing figures, by their varied participation in the earthly and heavenly event, by the torches, cross, etc. The grand circular mandorla-like pattern of the two Saints descended from Heaven echoes the pattern formed by the Virgin and Saint John the Baptist, and the action is given explicit expression. The point of equilibrium is the outstretched hand poised in the void between the two Saints, whence the mortal body descends, and the Soul, in the medieval form of a transparent and naked child, is taken up by the angel to be received in Heaven. The supernatural appearance of the Saints is enhanced by the splendor of color and light of their gold vestments. The powerful cumulative emotion expressed by the group of participants is suffused and sustained through the composit ion by the splendor, variety and vitality of the color and of light. The painting illustrates a popular local legend. In 1312, a certain Don Gonzalo Ruiz, native of Toledo, and Se?or of the town of Orgaz, died (the family received the title of Count, by which he is generally known, only later). He was a pious man who, among other charitable acts, left moneys for the enlargement and adornment of the church of Santo Tome (El Greco's parish church). At his burial, Saint Stephen and Saint Augustine intervened to lay him to rest. The occasion for the commission of the painting for the chapel, in which the Se?or was buried, was the resumption of the tribute payable to the church by the town of Orgaz, which had been withheld for over two centuries. All in all a very interesting piece of art. Though he is kind of a nock off of Michelangelo. galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-76801667229760927252020-03-12T04:34:00.001-07:002020-03-12T04:34:03.587-07:00How to Improve Ones Study SkillsHow to Improve Ones Study Skills When it comes to excelling at the college/university level, students must focus on developing their study skills. Itââ¬â¢s often called the ââ¬Å"great equalizerâ⬠ââ¬â because it guarantees good grades, regardless of oneââ¬â¢s intelligence, aptitude or any other skills students have developed in their academic career. But too many students are not taught how to study effectively. For example, students are told note-taking helps them prepare for a test, though few are taught exactly how to do so. It comes down to them learning what works best for them over time. Here are 8à proven study tips to help students prepare for tests: à Study for no longer than an hour at a time without taking a break. Not only does this make better use of oneââ¬â¢s time while studying, psychologists have learned that people learn best in short takes. Also, even when someone is not studying, their mind subconsciously works to absorb what they have previously studied, learned or been exposed to. à Separate the study of subjects that are similar in nature. The student can avoid interference and confusion if they, for example, were to study Spanish or history after studying math ââ¬â and not Chemistry, with includes mathematics. à Avoid studying when tired. This has proven to be counter-productive; the student doesnââ¬â¢t accomplish anything when their brain is not fresh. In this case, when they are tired, physical activity and taking part in recreation is advised. à Memorize actively, not passively. The worst way to memorize is simply reading something over and over again. Instead, the student should use their senses. They can try to visualize the material theyââ¬â¢re learning in concrete terms; they can say certain words aloud, listening as they are saying them. They can also use association ââ¬â or relating the fact to be learned to something personally significant, or find a logical tie-in. Also, use mnemonic devices: ROYGBIV, for the colors of the rainbow. à Study while reading. Follow the OK4R method devised by Dr. Walter Pauk: O = Overview. Read a book or passageââ¬â¢s title, intro and summarizing paragraphs and headings to get a general idea of whatââ¬â¢s being discussed; K = Key Ideas. Skim the text for key ideas, usually found in the first sentences of each paragraph; read italics and bold type, bulleted sections, itemizations, pictures, tables; R1 = Read assignments from beginning to end; R2 = Recall. Put aside the text and recall, whether mentally, verbally or in writing, the major points put forth in the text; R3 = Reflect. This helps fix the material in the studentââ¬â¢s mind, to cement it there for long-term use, through finding relationships and significance; R4 = Review, but not right away. This comes with studying, either for a short quiz, a test, or exam at a later date. à Decide what to study and for how long. Studying the wrong thing for any period of time is, well, a waste of time. à Do difficult tasks first. To avoid procrastinating on studying for the hardest subjects, it helps to end a study session by focusing on the simpler and more interesting ones. à Use longer time/study periods for organizing relationships and concepts, as well as for outlining and writing papers, if necessary. Use shorter study periods for ââ¬Å"roteâ⬠memorization (mechanical or habitual repetition of something to be learned), to review content, and for self-testing oneââ¬â¢s knowledge on a given subject. Following these simple steps will ensure a significant boost in your academic performance. Dont try to follow each of them at once, its best to take one step at a time. Pick one technique and work with it until you understand if it works for you and how effective it is. Eventually you will learn to combine these steps and acquiring new information will become a piece of cake for you. Good luck with your studies, and remember should you need any academic assistance, is always happy to help! galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-36315899489763246982020-02-24T18:58:00.001-08:002020-02-24T18:58:02.529-08:00Operations Management Coursework on Night Club Events - 1Operations Management on Night Club Events - Coursework Example Chances that the super power would diminish in the next decades are clearly high. The best positioned countries to challenge Americaââ¬â¢s prominence are found in East Asia and globally by China. (Abdelnour, Wesley & Herman pg57) It is believed that if Chinas economic growth continues consistently the next two decades just in the same pace as the last two decades, then it would surpass and rival the United States of America in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) .GDP is not measured in terms of dollar but in terms of purchasing power parity. Even if Chinas economic status does not does not reach the Americas standards, it is notable that the growth has created a fundamental political inspiration in the entire East Asia. The economic clout extends East Asia affecting both great powers and the developing countries due to enthusiasm for raw materials and competitive prices for low cost goods. China is resolute in climbing the technological ladder, a clear indication that it might affect United States of America economically. Already China is regarded as the most dominant military powerhouse in the entire East Asia thereby making significant strides creating excellence in the armed forces. The tense relationship between USA and Russia has been fuelled by Americans interest in Crimea with regard to the sanctions that have been attached to Russia recently by President Barrack Obama of the United States. Several banks have been blacklisted by the US government following the Russian infiltrations in Ukraine. Majority of Russian businessmen in the United States who have close links with Vladimir Putin have been expelled from the country. President Obama has also come with strategies to tame some parts of the Russian economy comprising both the oil and gas industries which form a bunch of Russians export. (Abdelnour, Wesley & Herman pg29) According to President Barack Obama, the action would interfere with the galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-70429096182256771162020-02-08T11:45:00.001-08:002020-02-08T11:45:02.775-08:00IT MANAGEMENT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsIT MANAGEMENT - Assignment Example Then launched it on the internet in August that year, to judge the response from the people for such a technology in which they can let the whole world know what they are doing in their lives by simply sending micro-blogs. The Twitter technology is also equipped with the concept of receiving tweets on mobile phones in form of messages. Arthur (2008) states that Twitter is often called the ââ¬Å"SMS of the Internetâ⬠and the character limit of twitter is also chosen in accordance with that of the SMS. McIntyre (2009a) states that since Twitter can be used by PCs and mobile devices both and it offers a very small blog message of maximum 140 characters, due to this advantage it has become one of the biggest mediums globally for sharing real-time data. The size of the messages have also decreased the problem of information overload on the Web. Payne (2008) states that the technology that was used to handle messages from 2007 to 2008 was of a Ruby persistent queue server called Starling. Venners (2009) states that in 2009, they changed the technology and started using software written in Scala. Twitter has been one of the most successful social networking services and has gained its name among the top league including Facebook, video sharing platform of YouTube etc. McIntyre (2009a) states that according to a research by Wall Street Journal; Twitter has had an increase from 2 million users to 32 million users since last year only. There have been some internet measurements services stating that the figures are continuing to grow from 50% to 100% month after month. With such a huge and increasing market; Twitter and other businesses have a great future lined up. McIntyre (2009d) states that consumer feedback plays an important role to any organization in improving their products. Companies spend a great deal of their resources in market research and collecting consumer feedback. galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-73288238768761416182020-01-29T20:11:00.001-08:002020-01-29T20:11:05.556-08:00The Meaning of Torture Porn Essay Example for Free The Meaning of Torture Porn Essay Stephen King once wrote, in his seminal book on horror, Danse Macabre, ââ¬Å"I recognize terror as the finest emotion and so I will try to terrorize the reader. But if I find that I cannot terrify, I will try to horrify, and if I find that I cannot horrify, Iââ¬â¢ll go for the gross-out. Iââ¬â¢m not proudâ⬠(Kaye 3). From the sequence of horror movies that have flooded the market over the past couple of years, itââ¬â¢s obvious that many of the filmmakers behind him arenââ¬â¢t too proud either. Horror cinema seems like it has become an ocean of gore, and the current trend has even gotten its own name: torture porn. The term ââ¬Å"torture pornâ⬠has little to do with real pornography. There is virtually no sexual activity involved, although the victims are usually nude or partially nude. Torture is defined by Dictionary.com as ââ¬Å"the act of inflicting excruciating pain, as punishment or revenge, as a means of getting a confession or information, or for sheer crueltyâ⬠. It expresses the idea that its viewers are intensely aroused by the sight of human bodies ââ¬â usually young and quite often female that are getting torn into bloody chunks in the most awful ways imaginable (Williams 1). The next part of the term, porn, has nothing do to with what is going on onscreen and when placed alongside torture, has nothing to do with the definition of either word. Porn is a shortened form of pornography, which Dictionary.com defines principally as ââ¬Å"â⬠¦sexually explicit pictures, writings, or other material whose primary purpose is to cause sexual arousal.â⬠Seeing a naked body onscreen isnââ¬â¢t extremely explicit or sexually arousing in many situations, especially if the nude is being hacked to pieces by a fictional serial killer with a prop knife. In short, the characters in most well-known torture porn films are not usually developed enough to make us feel much sympathy for them; theyââ¬â¢re simply, men and women, set up to be sliced apart. ââ¬Å"Thereââ¬â¢s a definite distinction between being grossed out and being terrified and I think many filmmakers have lost sight of thatâ⬠, says Ryan Rotten, managing editor of the horror Web Site ShockTilYouDrop.com (Kaye 3). According to Rafe Telsch, an assistant editor of Cinema Blend website: Almost everyone I know goes to the movies for similar reasons. We go to the movies because they entertain us. In the movies exists a world where the good guys win, hope prevails, and love conquers all. Movies make us feel better about ourselves and the world we live in and sometimes offer that aphorism of wisdom we need to make it through rough times. A horror movie primarily serves to scare or horrify, to haunt someone long after theyââ¬â¢ve watched, or terrify them while they are watching it. However, in recent years, sadly, we are mostly seeing gore, more females, or should I say ââ¬Å"hottiesâ⬠, being tortured for most of the film, beaten, tied up, faces cut off, limbs cut off, legs caught in some kind of traps ââ¬â and for what? The films serve little or no purpose in storytelling or character development. This is not horror, it does not scare or leave you scared to turn the light off, and the films end usually in an easily predicted way. Our generation is past desensitization after watching countless disgusting mutilations slowly destroy the human bodies onscreen. So, do torture porn movies really serve any purpose, other than to gross the audience out and put them off their food? I personally cannot reason why movie audiences would find this recently popular sub-genre interesting. Instead of promoting the good in mankind, these movies promote the worst possible traits of the human race. In the real world, we take people who kidnap, torture, mutilate, maim, and kill innocent people and lock them away, even putting some to death. Nowadays, a group of filmmakers want to recreate that same concept in a fictional environment, glorifying sick behavior to sell tickets. Even worse, people are buying those tickets, maintaining the strength of these kinds of films and ensuring more to come. To be clear, my problem is not with the horror genre as a whole. A lot of horror exemplifies the idea of good versus evil with good eventually saving the day (not always, but frequently). Iââ¬â¢ve been a horror fan almost since I could watch movies, which is somewhere around the age of 6. I remember the times when I visited my grandparents with my younger brother during the summer, and we couldnââ¬â¢t wait until 10 oââ¬â¢clock to see a horror movie, since our parents stayed in the city. Our grandparents would always go to bed early, and we knew that on weekends, starting from 10 oââ¬â¢clock most of the channels would show some type of a horror movie. Usually, my brother would ask me to shut off the TV and go to bed as soon as the best part of the movie began (by which I mean the scariest part), but I stayed, even though I had my eyes covered with a pillow for the majority of the movie. As I got older, I no longer needed the pillow. Most of the American movie-going society is familiar with the Saw films initiated in 2003 by James Wan and Leign Whannell, and with Eli Rothââ¬â¢s two Hostel films (released in 2005 and 2007), which represent the most lucrative horror films of the 21st century and serve as the most prominent examples of torture porn (Sharrett 32). So, when Saw 5 came out in 2008 and my friends dragged me into theater to watch it, I was shocked and sat in astonishment as Jigsawââ¬â¢s victims were tortured. Jigsaw, the main antagonist of the series, places his victims in death traps that can only be stopped by the murder of another person. That night I left the theater wondering why anyone would ever want to watch torture in a movie when thereââ¬â¢s enough of it in the real world. I understand that for some of us horror movies allow us to confront our fears in a safe setting, but itââ¬â¢s a huge difference thinking about that when youââ¬â¢re watching someone torture another human being, in all of its ugliness, on-screen than when youââ¬â¢re watching the nightly news. If we can gain positive lessons about life from the movies, then what kind of moralistic values are torture porn movies instilling in our culture? As Rafe Telsch asked, ââ¬Å"Are we cultivating a crop of sadistic killers by allowing these kinds of movies to be made and shown?â⬠(1).What is even more disturbing about torture films is that while I was watching My Bloody Valentine (2009) in the cinema, people seemed to take great delight in laughing or cheering when an innocent character was injured or murdered. This, again, shows how horror films are moving away from what they originally stood for: the ultimate triumph of good over the worst evils in humanity. Additionally we, as an audience, arenââ¬â¢t supposed to be cheering for the ââ¬Å"bad guysâ⬠, weââ¬â¢re supposed to want the heroic characters to overcome the evil and survive the horrors. By now most of you have probably heard about the controversy surrounding Captivity billboards as part of the filmââ¬â¢s outdoor ad campaign in Los Angeles and New York. Captivity is a ââ¬Å"torture pornâ⬠film starring Elisha Cuthbert. The depicted four panels with the headlines ââ¬Å"Abduction, Confinement, Torture, Terminationâ⬠along with the appropriate modern horror florescent lighting color scheme and scary visuals (Brodesser ââ¬âArkner 13). This film outdoor campaign outraged some residents in the Los Angeles area. ââ¬Å"Parents went nutsâ⬠, said Courtney Solomon, a partner at After Dark Films, a company that has a multi-picture deal with Lionsgate and that were responsible for marketing the film (13). Los Angeles Times columnist Steve Lopez wrote, ââ¬Å"I felt like I needed to take a shower just from having been within a hundred feet of it (Brodesser-Arkner 13).â⬠And thatââ¬â¢s only two adults expressing their feelings about the billboard. I have never seen Captivity, but based on the pictures I can easily imagine why parents would be concerned while driving with their kids on the highway and seeing this picture. galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-89381732066906223602020-01-21T16:35:00.001-08:002020-01-21T16:35:02.668-08:00Polite Society Gone with the Wind in A Good Man is Hard to Find :: A Good Man is Hard to FindPolite Society Gone with the Wind in A Good Man is Hard to Find A Good Man is Hard to Find is consistent with Mary Flannery O'Connor's view that contemporary society was drastically changing for the worse. O'Connor's obvious displeasure with society at the time has often been attributed to her Catholic religion, her studies in the social science field, and the fact that the celebrated lifestyles of the elite southern whites were "Gone with the Wind." Evidence of society's "demise" is woven into the story, and presented through an interesting generation gap. The grandmother is representative of godliness and Christianity which O'Connor apparently believed to be more prevalent in the "glamorous" Old South: The old woman settled herself comfortably, removing her white cotton gloves and putting them up with her purse on the shelf in front of the back window. The children's mother still had on slacks and still had her head tied up in a green kerchief but the grandmother had on a navy blue straw sailor hat with a bunch of white violets on the brim and a navy blue dress with a small white dot in the print. Her collar and cuffs were white organdy trimmed with lace, and at her neckline she had pinned a purple spray of cloth violets containing a sachet. In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once she was a lady. (2148) The parents pay little attention to the grandmother and when they do, they are often quite rude. The unruly children are representative of the breakdown of respect, and discipline, and are consequently a forecast of future generations. The Misfit represents evil. At one point the Misfit likens himself to Christ, in that they both were punished for crimes they did not commit. Christ accepted death for the sins of all people, however, and not only did the Misfit not do that, but he also killed other innocent people. Near the end of the ordeal, the grandmother recognizes the shirt the Misfit has put on as her son's shirt. galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-72094457415643010182020-01-13T12:59:00.001-08:002020-01-13T12:59:03.611-08:00Total Hospital Information System Hospital Selayng1. 0 Hospital Information System (HIS) ââ¬â Overview 1. 1 Definition Hospital Information System (HIS) is an integrated information system which spans through the organization crafted to manage clinical, administrative, financial and operational functions of a hospital. HIS strives to achieve the most effective support for patient care and administration through various different electronic data processing and analyzing tools (Ismail, et al. , 2010). HIS serves as a platform to provide the required information to each level of the management at the correct time, in the correct form, and in the correct place, contributing towards improved decision making. HIS plays a pivitol role in planning, initiating, organizing and controlling the operations of the subsystems of the hospital and thus equips an organization with synergy and integrity required for it to function. More importantly, HIS also enhances patient care and comfort by offering personalized suggestions for care and enables a hospital to move from retrospective to a concurrent review quality (Ismail, et al. 2010). 1. 2 Global Trend in Hospital Information System (HIS) In early 2009, the market value of Hospital Information Systems (HIS) market was $7. 8 billion worldwide and this figure has been predicted to leap to an alarming $18 billion by 2016. The boom is primarily driven by governmentsââ¬â¢ dynamic motives and hospitals continually trying to increase workflow effi ciency Hence, hospitals are confident that embracing HIS will result in increased efficiency and reduced medical errors, which later translates into uplifting the quality of care provided to patients (Global Data, 2010). Growing evidence has demonstrated that the current systems fail to deliver adequately safe, high standard, efficient and economical healthcare. This can be curbed through computerization, with electronic medical record (EMR) as the fundamental component. This has resulted in clinicians and healthcare organizations around the globe scrutinizing into adopting more EMR technologies in their respective hospitals. France, UK, US, Canada, Finland, Denmark, Australia, New Zealand and several other countries have proposed plans to construct a fully intergrated computer-based hospital infrastructures with the electronic medical record systems laying the cement work. In the Asia-Pacific region alone, umpteen successful HIS implementations have taken place in various hospitals such as in Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Malaysia (Global Data, 2010). 1. 3 The Malaysian Outlook The federal government had adopted a national-level strategy to create a paradigm shift in the nationââ¬â¢s healthcare system. The Federal Government aims to revamp the healthcare system so as to produce a county of healthy individuals and communities through the adoption of information technology (IT). Major projects which has been undertaken include Multimedia Super Corridor Telehealth Project and MSC Telehealth Blueprint (1997) (Malaysianmedicine, 2004). Dr. H. M. Goh, secretary of both Malaysian Health Informatics Association and Asia-Pacific Association for Medical Informatics mentioned that it is impossible to provide good, safe and efficient healthcare ignoring IT, thus the the cost of healthcare would rise. He also stated that without computerisation, we wonââ¬â¢t be able to retrieve timely information. ( Malaysianmedicine, 2004). Following this, Malaysia has witnessed several significant developments in the health care sector. One such eminent development is the establishment of total hospital information systems in Selayang Hospital (Malaysianmedicine, 2004). 2. Overview of organization ââ¬â Selayang Hospital 2. 1 Brief History Located along the Kepong Selayang road of Gombak District, Selayang Hospital is a 960-bedded hospital which has been in operation since 1996. Selayang Hospital (SH) is the pioneer in being the paperless and filmless hospital in Malaysia. Though classified as a government hospital, it has sophistication of a luxury private medical center with a leading-edge on technology. The need for this ultra-modern hospital came about as Hospital Kuala Lumpur (KLH) was already bursting to its limits with its overworked staffs. Organized and accurate documentation and archiving was impossible with mislaid or missing patients' records. This had resulted on KLH being entangled in legal matters. Increasing number of patients expressed their displeasure and quality of patient care was deteriorating. These circumstances surged MOH to come up with SH project with proper incorporation of HIS (Yook, 1999) 2. 2 Clinical services at Selayang Hospital Among the services offered at Selayang Hospital are Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary, Cardiology, Nephrology, Urology, Hand and Micro and Surgery. All the rest are categorised under secondary services, outpatient services and supportive services. The core business of Selayang hospital is providing a exclusive tertiary referral services to patients across Malaysia and a broader range of clinical services to customers who rely on Selayang Hospital as their regional or local hospitals. High quality specialist services in a large number of other fields is also a highlighted aspect of this hospital (Yook, 1999). 2. 3 Vision The Selayang Hospital project was designed by the Ministry of Health (MOH) in accordance with the Malaysiaââ¬â¢s Vision of 2020, where the country would become a developed the country's Vision for Health was formulated proposed a national health policy. Besides, it was particularly mentioned in the Seventh Malaysian that there will thirty three paperless public hospitals launched in Malaysia. More specifically, eight of these hospitals will be using Total Hospital Information System (T. H. I. S), Selayang Hospital being one of them (Yook, 1999). 2. 4 Mission The mission of Selayang Hospital is to be a role model for Malaysian hospital, in using innovative, dynamic and cost effective technology and delivering a friendly, caring, compassionate and humanistic service. This wiIl be achieved through teamwork in partnership with the community to provide quality care to the satisfaction of our customers (Yook, 1999). 2. 5 Organizational Structure Patients at Selayang Hospital are of top priority so the structure is designed to maximize patients/customers' satisfaction with emphasis on staff efficiency. The Board of Directors (BOD) with the assistance of Total Hospital Information System and a Medical Advisory Board committee oversees the hospital overall operation. There are five distinct divisions in the hospital administration. The total medical and non-medical staffs amounts to 1090 people. The BOD is accountable to the State Health Directors (Image could not be retrieved) (Yook, 1999). 3. 0 Total Hospital Information System (THIS) in Selayang Hospital Selayang Hospital, the pioneer paperless and filmless hospital in Malaysia, uses Total Hospital Information System (THIS) for its fundamental operation. THIS combines aspects of clinical, administrative and financial management, enabling continual data flow between separate areas (Ismail, et al. , 2010). THIS would aid in meeting the objective of enhancing productivity, effectiveness, efficiency, quality and safety. THIS facilitates communication between care providers through sharing of information, enables automation of work processes, integration and interfacing with other components of HIS in addition to providing clinical decision support and maintaining a permanent record as a medico-legal requirement (Abdollah, 2011). For the incorporation and functionality of THIS, Selayang Hospital had opted to vendor solutions like Cerner for electronic medical record, Seimens for radiology department, Spacelabs for critical care unit, Oracle for materials management, finance and administration and Microsoft Office for internet and intranet usage (Li, 2010). Figure 1 depicts the system architecture as well as the technology partners that associate to Selayang Hospital (Abdollah, 2011). Figure 1 : Information Technology System Support and Technology Partners in Selayang Hospital (Abdollah, 2011). Figure 2 illustrates the structure of THIS in Hospital Selayang. Selayang Hospital incorporates clinical, administrative as well as financial processes as their total hospital information system within their hospital operations. There are various information system being deployed to cater specific needs and wants of patients and care providers as described in the following sections (Abdollah, 2011). Figure 2: Structure of Total Hospital Information System in Hospital Selayang (Abdollah, 2011) 3. 1 Types of Hospital Information System 3. 1. 1 Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Clinical Information System (CIS) is thought of as the system that mediates direct patient care. Within it, also lies the mechanical framework for capturing, storing and displaying the data generated by all clinical care activities. A defined portion of patient-specific collected from disparate sources by care-providers working in the various clinical services is put together as the Electronic Medical Record (EMR). EMR essentially provides for the recording of the following groups of data: a. profile of the patient b. information gathered regarding the patientââ¬â¢s illness, allergies and health status c. ctivities performed on the patient d. events that occurred (planned and unplanned) e. results or findings emanating from these activities and events (numeric, text or images) f. communications between care providers i. e. instructions, opinions, referrals and advice g. decisions and plans both immediate and long term (diagnosis, treatment plan) This consolidation is essential for the availabililty of future data for tracking puposes which in turn governs clinical management and patient data mining, in addition to report generating (Abdollah, 2011). EMR largely benefits government and health care providers. The need and requirement to document is both professional and legal as documentation enables care providers to communicate with each other thus facilitating continuity of patient care. Thus, in the form of the EMR, documentation satisfies the legal requirement of maintaining a record of events. It is accessible from multiple access points and units within the hospital and selective access outside the hospital. This largely reduces the time taken to retrieve medical records. Hence, the time taken to retrieve patient records are reduced. This would pave the way for increased productivity and quality of care. In the mean time, it would contribute towards better knowledge in clinical practices. Besides that, administrative benefits include easier report generation, better organization of clinical information, enhanced claiming and ordering processes, reduced billing timings which translates into providing better service to patients. Futhermore, THIS improved clinical decision making and disease management, patient education in addition to better documentation, increased time allocated per patient, and rejuvenated perception of care and quality of a healthcare institute. The incorporation of DSS into drug management, result generation and disease management are essential in good clinical practise. On the other hand, for researchers and policy makers can utilize EMR to device long term strategies for towards development countryââ¬â¢s health care and proper allocation of resources (Haslina and Sharifah 2005). The workflow process such as the improvement of data inputting by avoiding duplications of dataââ¬â¢s, reduction is transcriptions costs as well as improved communication is also benefited by Selayang Hospital due to the successful implementation of EMR (Erstad, 2003). Hence, in a nutshell, implementation of EMR such as improved decision making, disease management enhanced records and has made it possible to eliminate the use of papers for medical records. As a result, medical records become more trustworthy and easily comprehendable. Figure 3 : Electronic Medical record system . Source : http://level8systems. com/page. php? 3 3. 1. 2 Patient Management System (PMS) This system encompasses Patient Registration, Client-Resource Management and Charging, Billing and Payment system. For example, during patient registration, a identification number unique to that particular person is issued. This would act as the Medical Record (index) Number (MRN). It allows data regarding a single patient to be kept in a single record, shared between systems and used for subsequent visits and encounters without the need for repeated data acquisition and entry of static data. Staff job assignment is be part of the Client Resource Management System. It should enable all categories of staff to be allocated to work areas, rooms, wards, cubicles, beds, machines etc. according to dates and work shifts. Care providers need to sign in to confirm that they are available. The system should allow for constant updating of staff assignment. The Patient Tracking facility through PMS would also provide real-time status display and reports on attendances, location of patients, status of service provision and discharges Next, The Charging-Billing System would be able to calculate charges based on factors according to policies set by the hospital. It would be able to charge differently based on the service delivery such such outpatient service, emergency service and Inpatient service in addition to scrutinization by financial class. Figure 4 illustrates a typical Patient Management System software which stores and updates patient records. Hence, PMS enables patientââ¬â¢s records to be compiled and accessed in an organised manner. Besides that, subsequent processes like patient administration, clinical support tools and generating reports also is made easy. In addition, it also enables quicker diagnosis with proper relevant treatments available (Netripples, n. d. ). Figure 4: Typical Patient Management System. Source http://hpathy. com/software/hompath-classic8. asp 3. 1. Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) Pictures Archiving & Communication System (PACS) is majorly used in medical imaging unit. X-ray, echocardiogram, ultrasound machines capture digital images of a patientââ¬â¢s clinical condition. These images are sent to appropriate destinations using this system. It can be imagined as a pipeline network which carries water, which in this case are the images. Every laboratory at Selayang Hos pital is equipped with a high-end resolution computer screen to view these images captured from the machines. This service is provided by Siemens in Selayang Hospital. With the help of PACS, images are viewed on screens rather than the conventional x-ray images which are as bulky as a spreadout newspaper. More importantly, PACS reduces the radiation exposure in both patients and care providers. This leads to a healthier working environment; better image distribution; timeless retrieving of data and images; image quality improvement as well as easier handling of images Dr. Zaharah (n. d. ). Thus it can be understood that PACS is not a stand alone system but a subsidiary support system of Radiology Information System (RIS) described in next section. 3. 1. 4 Radiology Information System (RIS) The Radiology Information System (RIS) is a system, which enables care providers who to capture, store and distribute images by interacting with the machines that produce these images and also the clinicians who request for the images. The Radiology Information System (RIS) is a system, consists of the following major functional areas: 01. Ordering of examination 02. Scheduling of appointments for examination 03. Creation of work lists 04. Tracking of examination and reporting status of cases 05. Image Tracking and Management 06. Clinical Result Reporting, 07. Storage and retrieval of reports To summarise, RIS which belongs to the radiology department, is a huge database which can be used to perform x-ray imaging, echocardiograms, computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans, positive emission tomography scans (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tests when necessary ( Dr Zaharah , n. . ). The RIS creates and schedules the patient order for an image study. The RIS allocates a unique accession number to the order, sends a message to the PACS and the imaging modality to maintain accuracy in patient demographic details (Figure 5). Figure 5: Integration of RIS and PACS in acquiring and processing of images Source:http://www. pukkaj. info/NewsArchive2007/SendingradiotherapyimagestoPACS/tabid/1111/language/en-GB/Default. aspx) In a fully functional THIS system, RIS must be a high degree of integration between with EMR, PACS and PACS. In this sense PACS is a sub-set of RIS. Radiology images are considered as part of each patient`s EMR. Images need to be treated just like other patient data. Images as data are managed by Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS). RIS is also linked with scheduling system to schedule appointments for patients. Figure 6 shows the schematic representation of functions and relationship between RIS, PACS and EMR (Abdollah, 2011). Figure 6: Schematic representation of functions and relationships between RIS, PACS and EMR (Abdollah, 2011). 3. 1. Pharmacy Information System (PhIS) Pharmacy Information System (PhIS) operates in the pharmacy department for numerous activities which includes clinical screening, inventory management, prescription tracking etc. PhIS are elaborate computer systems that were structured to meet the needs and wants of a pharmacy division to function effectively and efficiently. Pharmacists will be able to overlook how medications are used in a hospital usi ng insights from this system (Biohealthmatics, 2010). Clinical screening is one of the most important usage of PhIS. Drug interactions, allergies and all plausible drug-related disorders can be monitored using the assistance of PhIS. When a prescription is issued, the system checks for all possible interactions between all the drugs prescribed together to a patient at one time or with any particular food, reported allergies to the drug, and even if the sufficient and appropriate dosage has been given based on the individualââ¬â¢s body mass index (BMI), age, and other physiological factors. Instant alerts and warning messages are displayed if adverse drug interaction is detected (Biohealthmatics, 2010). Inventory Management is a another major component of the PhIS. Pharmacists need to know the drugs available, usage pattern and balance of stock. This inventory can be separate from or be a part of the Procurement and Storage Information System of the hospitalââ¬â¢s integrated Management Information System. Continuous inventory monitoring is an essential requirement of a pharmacy in order to ensure that drugs never goes out of stock. Besides, multiple dispensing locations and manual inventory keeping is not only tedious but can also lead to inaccuracy in inventory management (Biohealthmatics, 2010). In addition, prescription management for both in patients and outpatients is also a vital segment of PIS. For instance, when the issued prescription arrives to the pharmacy, the orders are checked and matched against available drugs in the pharmacy and then dispensed accordingly to respective patients. More interestingly, prescriptions that passes through the system that can track the physician prescribing the drug, date of prescription, to whom was it prescribed and when was it was dispensed. Automated label printing which bears directions on how medication should be followed is also possible (Biohealthmatics, 2010). Besides, patient drug profiling can also be achieved through PIS. These are patient profiles and holds particulars of their present and previous medications history, known allergies, family history and other parameters. These profiles are also during clinical screening. A physican who prescribes a particular drug to a patient would be able to instantly see the patientââ¬â¢s profile and decide on whether or not this drug is appropriate (Biohealthmatics, 2010). Figure 7 shows a typical pharmacy information system modal provided by Siemens. This includes relevant information such as patient name, name of the drug, route of administration, dosage and frequency of administration. PIS works hand-in-hand with EMR to detect contraindications due to drug allergy, streamlines workflow in addition to assisting billing and charging in administrative and financial system. Figure 7: Pharmacy information system modal by Siemens Source:http://www. medical. siemens. com/siemens/en_US/rg_marcom_FBAs/files/presskits/SiemensMAC. pg 3. 1. 6 Laboratory Information System (LIS) Laboratory Information System (LIS) manages all the laboratory faculties which includes clinical chemistry, parisitology, hematology, immunology and microbiology in terms of receiving orders, performing tests and producing results. It also provides modules for sending laboratory trials order to the appliances through its multiple instrument interfaces so that the results can then be anal ysed instantly and a reports can be generated. Patient management is an important aspect of LIS. Patient particulars such as the date of admission, consulting doctor, and respective reference number would be maintained by this system. Data pertaining to the patientââ¬â¢s samples including the consulting doctor, corresponding department, specimen type, method of collection and the technician-in-charge of the collection can also be monitored (Nationmaster Encylopedia, n. d. ). In summary, LIS is used for processing and storage of information generated by medical laboratories. EMR, PMS as well as order management system are customized in order to allow interferences between LIS which supports in-patient as well as out-patient services. Moreover, the system produces barcode sample labels which are therefore used for acknowledgment of test samples. In Selayang Hospital, there are around 150 barcodes readers that are being widely used daily (Abdollah, 2011). 4. 0 Impact of Total Information System (THIS) 4. 1 Benefits of Total Hospital Information System (THIS) Total Hospital Information System (THIS) is an enterprise-wide system which spans the organisaton, designed to enhance clinical outcomes, operational efficiency and to improve financial management for healthcare industry. THIS serves as a secured and dependable meticulously integrated system that allows hospital officials to record, store and selectively disseminate clinical and other patient related information to appropriate entities (Netripples, n. d. ). T. H. I. S. provides effective solutions to hospitals which plan on reducing the administrative burden and clinical transactions, in addition to providing compassionate services to their patients. On a typical day in Hospital Selayang, the inpatient admissions reach 150/day whereas outpatient visits would reach upto 1000/day amounting to 250GB of patient records. T. H. I. S has enabled effective management of such high flow of patients, data storage, processing and retrieval. Figure 8 illustrates the daily usage of T. H. I. S shows the heavy reliance and interdependance between Selayang Hospital and the information systems. Figure 8: Daily Utilization of T. H. I. S (Abdollah, 2011). With the presence of THIS, most of the patient care demands can be met because it computerizes the process of collecting, arranging, filing and retrieving patient information. Furthermore, world class patient care can be provided by the hospital when equipped with good decision support system from THIS. Additionally, T. H. I. S. benefits in various other methods such as comprehensive patient record keeping, much lesser paperwork, quicker information sharing means between various departments, more flexible organization, reliable and timely information and adequate inventory management. A user satisfaction survey conducted in 2003 among staffs of Selayang Hospital revealed that T. H. I. S was appreciated and well received among nurses and doctors followed by allied staffs and clerks as depicted in Figure 9. (Abdollah, 2011) Figure 9: User satisfaction survey 2003 (Abdollah, 2011). Productivity wise, Selayang Hospital has evidently shown higher productivity after the successful implementation of Total Hospital Information System (T. H. I. S. ). As Selayang Hospital had incorporated T. H. I. S. from the start of its operation, studies analysing the effectiveness of T. H. I. S. before and after implementation is not possible. However, a comparative study comparing T. H. I. S. n Selayang Hospital with a traditional government hospital, Hospital Klang is currently being carried out. Few early findings from this study shows implementation of T. H. I. S. has managed to reduced time taken for admission by 40%, patient stay by 10% and discharge processes by a remarkable 70%. Qualitative benefits of this system highlighted in this study include easy availability of data, bett er patient record management and improved workflow (Abdollah, 2011). The ability of Pharmacy Information System (PIS) to keep track of the entire drugs inventory within the hospital is commendable. The PIS head manager is also able to make orders when an alert is raised on a particular drug. This therefore ensures proper inventory management and that all drugs are always in stock. In addition to the privileges that pharmaciesââ¬â¢ will get through the implementation of T. H. I. S, doctors of the hospitals are also able to reap off its benefits as well. For the clinicians, EMR and PMS aid in clinical management of patients. A medical officer no longer requires the doctor-in-charge to be physically present but still can receive consults from him/her utilizing EMR and PMS. All these systems has indeed helped Selayang Hospital to manage the hospital effectively with efficient decision making. Moreover, T. H. I. S. aids hospital administrators whereby it significantly improves operational control. Lastly, in addition to enhancing patient care, T. H. I. S also increases the profitability of the respective organization. In summary, there are a number of direct benefits of THIS in hospitals. The most important advantage of this system is the ability to meet patientsââ¬â¢ demands in a timely manner owing to the automation involved in data collection. Other uses include great reduction in paperwork and more efficient patient particular collection and management. Considering the unwavering benefits from implementation of Total Hospital Information System, it will soon become a necessity in terms of hospital management. 4. 2 Ethical Concerns The number and the magnitude of challenges faced by healthcare organizations are unprecedented. Selayang hospital is no different. Increasing financial bruden, rising public an payer expectations and increasing number of consolidations have placed these hospitals under immense stress. Heavy usage of information systems have provided record-keeping which is otherwise impossible. However, this leads to rapid and easy access to medical records raising issues of privacy against expediency (Boyle, 2001). In Selayang Hospital, these issues are handled with utmost priority. Patientsââ¬â¢ privacy and confidentiality is protected through several measures. Only authorised users are allowed to access these information. Authorised users who are found to be misusing their access would be tracked in audit trails and stringent disciplinary actions would be taken against them. Therefore, patients are assured of their personal data protection (Abdollah, 2011). 4. 3 Drawbacks and challenges of Total Hospital Information System (THIS) Like any other information system implementation, in T. H. I. S. , usersââ¬â¢ resistance to change is one of the major concerns. This is largely related to individual acceptance of IT application particularly by doctors and nurses. Though this is now not an issue in Selayang Hospital, failures in HIS has been repeated reported over the years. Unrealistic goals, complex user-interface, lack of clarity on the functionality required and lack of sensitivity to the local systems were some of the key reasons contributing towards failure of THIS in many fledgling hospitals (Cassels, 1995). The developing countries face even deeper problems such as inadequate electricity supply, lack of proper infrastructure, unsustainable funding, and the inadequate educational levels of the hospital staffs who are likely to be the primary users of the system rather than doctors in these countries. Other concerns include slow response time, absence of easy login-procedures, and tedious data entry (Chandrasekhar and Ghosh, 2001). Selayang Hospital though comparatively better in IT receptiveness, initial reluctance was present. Even today, reluctance to change and accept an IT application especially the EMR system in a conventional society still persists. Appropriate strategies like IT training and incentives need to be deviced to make both patients and hospital officials more receptive towards these systems (Haslina and Sharifah 2005). 5. 0 Future Plans Following these victorious execution of T. H. I. S, Selayang Hospital is currently looking a step ahead into developing a entirely automated Pharmacy Information System (PIS) with Decision Support System (DSS). Besides, management is also emphasizing on improving reporting and data analysis, enhance clinical documentation module with decision support and introduce mobile computing function to facilitate better hospital management (Abdollah, 2011). 6. 0 Conclusion It is beyond doubt that T. H. I. S has been the backbone in assisting hospital administration to ensure Selayang Hospital runs smoothly. However, without the staunch commitment from top management, physicians and other users and adequate number of IT professionals, this success would have remained as a dream. Thus, information systems only when coupled with good recipience would prove beneficial. 7. 0 References Abdollah, 2011. Hospital Information System in Selayang. [Booklet] September 2011 ed. Selayang Hospital Information Technology Department. Biohealthmatics, 2010. Pharmacy Information System, [online] retrieved from http://www. biohealthmatics. com/technologies/his/pis. aspx [accessed on the 2nd October, 2011] Boyle, P. 2001. Organizations ethics and healthcare: principles, cases and practical solutions. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Cassels, A. ,1995. Health sector reform: key issues in less developed countries, Journal of International Development [online] retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/12290761/ [accessed on the 3rd October, 2011] Chandrasekhar, C. P. and Ghosh, J. , 2001. Information an d communication technologies and health in low income countries: the potential and the constraints, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol. 79, No. 9, [online] retrieved from galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-59515123871740175212020-01-05T09:22:00.001-08:002020-01-05T09:22:03.367-08:00Discrimination Against Women in the United States Essay All around the world people are being discriminated; some are discriminated because of their race, while others are because of their gender, such as women. In today world, it is no different than it was 10,000 years ago. Women are still sold into prostitution, forced to marry someone they donââ¬â¢t love, have no right for abortion or birth control, have little or no access to education, and have to fully rely on men. This is not fair at all, women should have rightââ¬â¢s, they didnââ¬â¢t before here in the United States, but now they do (even though it still exists here). If women can have rightââ¬â¢s here in the United States they should be able to else ware. In all discrimination against women is unfair, and unjust, because here in the U.S it isâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In fact they probably canââ¬â¢t get a job at all. You might be thinking that the men just work harder, but in fact this happens even when women work harder than the man. It even happens when wo men have a higher position than a man; the man might actually get paid more even though that is rare. Not only is this against the law, but also one thing people actually ignore is that discrimination against women does affect our own economy. It is considered that gender discrimination is costly for all economics. The Center For Economic and Policy Research designed a growth model by choosing values to fit the boundaries. The guideline economy represented the economy of the United States. CEPR then figured out the output cost of an increase of discrimination. The findings showed that 50% of the in gender discrimination resulted in a decrease of income of around a quarter of the original income. In the end it was determined that for several countries a large portion of the difference for outcome is due to gender inequality. So basically CEPR proves that the gender inequality does affect the economy in a negative way. With this negativity in the economics than the U.S may no longer be the 5th best economy in the world. However if we find a way to completely stop discrimination than possibly this number can actually go up and eventually is the best economy in the world but right now with discrimination still going strong , weShow MoreRelatedEssay on Where Are Womens Rights?1616 Words à |à 7 PagesWhere are Women Rights? Did not God create everyone equal and gave them his or her rights? 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The participant describes having stiff and achy muscles, feeling tired, and not motivated to productive activities in and around his homeRead MoreEssay about How Physical Activity Can Improve on Overall Health764 Words à |à 4 Pages How Physical Activity can Improve Overall Health and Personal Development Benefits Of Physical Activity nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The benefits of exercise extend far beyond weight management. Research shows that regular physical activity can help reduce your risk for several diseases and health conditions and improve your overall quality of life. Regular physical activity can help protect you from the following health problems. Heart Disease and Stroke nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;DailyRead MoreAchieving Better Health For The American Population1501 Words à |à 7 Pagesconditions of the American population ensures the increased quality of life. People eat for various reasons with the fundamental reason being for survival purposes. However, the issue of eating to live and living to eat affects people in different manners as most people develop poor eating habits that affect the bodyââ¬â¢s nutritional intake and affects their health. Being healthy involves careful considerations of what one is eating and engaging in activities that contribute to better healthy lives thatRead MorePhysical Activity versus Extra Sleep700 Words à |à 3 PagesPhysical Activity versus Extra Sleep Obesity and overall health can be affected by both the amount of sleep you get, and with the amount of physical activity you do. Increasing your physical activity and the intensity you perform the activity will help fight obesity and improve your overall health. When a person loses weight their overall Active Energy Expenditure (AEE) is reduced, but with a reduced body weight people tend to be more physically active which will overcome the reduced AEE (BonomiRead MoreExercise And The Efforts Of Self Efficacy And Increase Health Behaviors1579 Words à |à 7 Pagespsychologists, and that is can daily physical activity be incorporated to not only change someoneââ¬â¢s self-efficacy but also health behaviors? The proposed experiments that have been researched look at different ways to assess an individualââ¬â¢s self-efficacy when exercise is increased. The current hypothesis mentions that students who exercise more frequently will show a higher self-efficacy towards personal goal s or even challenges. Now exercise and daily physical activity have been shown to create a wideRead MoreThe Incidence of Childhood Inactive Behavior Growing at an Alarming Rate1750 Words à |à 7 PagesIntroduction/Overview It is accepted that the incidence of childhood inactive behavior is increasing at a disturbing rate. The physical activity level and health behavior of the youth population has the capability to be a valuable instrument in countering this undesired behavior and the obesity pandemic as well as lowering all-cause mortality (Tudor-Lock et al., 2011). According to the center for Disease Control and Prevention, childhood obesity rates have doubled among children since 1980 (McNamaraRead MorePhysical Activity And Motivating Games : Be Active And Get Your Own Reward1601 Words à |à 7 PagesCP5607: Advanced Human computer Interaction Physical Activity and Motivating Games: Be Active and Get your Own Reward Introduction: This paper acquaint with how to live a healthy life style by the host of electronic screens and the use of an adaptive persuasive technology, which introduces bursts of physical activity into a sedentary activity: Computer playing games. Healthy life styles has become a new agenda in peopleââ¬â¢s daily lives. The author explicitly stated how to motivate themselves by playing galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-51044553388253101022019-12-11T22:17:00.001-08:002019-12-11T22:17:03.353-08:00Johnny tremain free essay sample Read to find out how Johnny and other characters play important roles in historical events. BACKGROUND Time and Place Bostonians responded with outrage to the closing of their port and the arrival of British soldiers and warships. The Committees of Correspondence that Sam Adams began in the early asses evolved to play an even more active role. In September 1774, all the colonies except Georgia sent representatives to the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia. The Congress decided on a boycott of British goods and promised to stand together in defense of Boston.One result of this promise was the forming, arming, and training of Leonia militias. The Congress also prepared a summary of its complaints for King George. The king, however, was not interested in reviewing these complaints and sent more soldiers and ships to Boston. Did You Know? Colonial militiamen had no uniforms and had to supply their ovum guns and ammunition, as well as food and other accessories. Many had learned to shoot while hunting for food or fighting Native Americans in the countryside.As you read, follow the progress of events by noting the main actions of the characters listed below. Paul Revere Sam Adams and John Hancock A silversmith and a rebel. He eventually becomes a spymaster for the rebel event and fights bravely in the Revolution. Continue as leaders of Patriot movement; in March, leave Boston for Concord to attend Provincial Congress Johnny Arab An apprentice to Mr.. Alphas, a silversmith. After his hand is burned by some melted silver, Johnny starts working at the Boston Observer and apart of the rebel movement A printers apprentice at the Boston Observer.Arab becomes a friend to Johnny. He participates in many rebel Acts and movements, including the Sons of Liberty and the Boston Observers. Dove Dry. Warren One of Alphas apprentices, He is fired and goes to work as a stable boy for Colonel Smith. A skilled surgeon that offers to give Johnny back the use of his thumb by cutting away the scared skin Colonel Smith General Gage A high-ranking British officer who employs Dove as a stable boy and leads the assault on Lexington and Concord. How is later wounded.A general that replaces Governor Hutchinson as the person in charge of Boston, General Gage, to the surprise of the townspeople, is not as strict as they expected him to be. Responding Personal Response Think about Esther Forbears statement that she wanted to give Johnny room enough to change and grow. Do you think she succeeded? Why or why not? Way think she did. She gave him a lot of places to fit in and to come out as he wanted to be in the end. Analyzing Literature Recall and Interpret 1 . What are some ways that the Patriots prepare for war?How would you describe the mood between Bostonians and the British troops occupying their city? Well the Patriots prepared in the form of minute men and acts of defiance. Such as the Boston tea party 2. Explain how the Minute Men learn Of the British armys actual battle plans. What do these efforts reveal about the Patriots commitment to independence? Johnny takes his job as a spy hanging out at the African Queen. Dove lets slip that he has been ordered to polish Colonel Smiths campaign saddle rather than his usual saddle.Johnny pieces together that the Brats are going to attack Lexington and the Minute Men are alerted. This small band of patriots are willing to flight the mighty British army for independence. 3. Summarize what happens after Johnny finds Arab at Lexington. At the end of the novel, what decision does Johnny make about his future? What does this decision reveal about his values and character? By this point in the story, Johnny has come full circle. He no longer shies away from physical pain or ark, as he did in the early chapters set at the Alphas house.He is also able to think rationally about his behavior rather than surrendering to his first impulses; he is stoic about Arabs death and agrees to the operation because he knows that doing these things will be better in the long run, even if they are difficult now. Responding Analyzing Literature (continued) Evaluate and Connect 4. How does the author create suspense during the final chapters of the novel? Throughout Chapter Eleven, Johnny remains in the dark about Arabs fate. The emotional anguish he experiences from not knowing shows that one f wars greatest costs is the psychological toll it takes on the living. . According to Johnny, at sixteen he is A boy in time of peace and a man in time of war. Do you agree with this statement? Do you think more is expected of young people when a country is at war? Explain. Yes, Johnny is just a teenager. In times of peace, he can go about his business with a limited amount of responsibility. Unfortunately, at sixteen, he is also expected (and wants) to fight for the independence of his country. He is a boy fighting in a mans war because he is needed. Literature and Writing Battlefield Report Imagine you are a reporter for either the Observer or for a British newspaper.Write a news report about the Battles of Lexington and Concord. Remember to cover the facts by answering these questions: Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? Though a news report should be unbiased, you will want to consider your audience. For example, a London audience would be more interested in the brave deeds of its own troops than in those of colonial troops. Share and compare your report with those of your classmates. Extending Your Response Literature Group as Though the Battles of Lexington and Concord are historical events, in the evolve you learn of them largely through Johnnys personal experience.With your group, review the text. Try to distinguish between Johnny s experience Of events and the objective events themselves. How might the events in the novels final chapters be different without Johnnys presence? Review your response to the Focus Activity on page 20 as you discuss these questions. Share your ideas and conclusions with the members of another group. Performing: Impersonation When Billy Dates impersonates a drunk and sneaks out of Boston, he succeeds on the strength of his acting ability. Try your hand at impersonation. Choose a character and a passage of dialogue from the book. Using minimal props, try to re-create your characters personality with body language and tone of voice. Share your impersonation with class members. Can they tell who you are? Save your work for your portfolio. Johnny Terrain Johnny Terrain is full of real-life people who changed their world-?and ours-?with their Ideas and actions. Which of these people did you find most fascinating? Why? In your opinion, which ones played the most important roles in the historic events of the American Revolution? galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-26666629252095674502019-12-04T09:59:00.001-08:002019-12-04T09:59:03.717-08:00Travel and Tourism in Society Tourist Experience Question: Discuss about theTravel and Tourism in Society for Tourist Experience. Answer: Introduction This study focuses on providing tourist experience by highlighting the scientific description of culture and people with their habits, customs and the mutual differences in Batam, Indonesia. Thus, this study covers the trip details and the literature review in regards to this study topic. Moreover, this study also analyses the destination, trip as well as the motivation with the help of the proper theories and models. The Trip Itself The major and the most important aspect of this trip is to be familiar with the culture, customs as well as the people of a certain place (Miller, 2016). This trip was planned for visiting Batam in Indonesia, which is referred to the place of combination of island and municipality. It is an industrial boomtown, a part of a free trade zone and an emerging transport hub. Figure 1: Geographical Map of Batam, Indonesia (Source: Nahman, 2013) Ferry has been chosen as the mode of transport to travel the Island, Batam from Singapore as the ferries are available almost in every hour and it takes 50 minutes to reach Batam. The overall experience to travel Batam, Indonesia is good. The transport system from Singapore to Batam is well-available and comfortable enough. On the other hand, this island is a very good place to visit (Evans, Stonehouse Campbell, 2012). There are several tourist spots located in Batam such as Sentosa, Waterfront City, Galang Island and many others. Literature Review Ethnography Ethnography is study for the cultures as well as people, which is made in the systematic manner. It has been designed for exploring the cultural incidents where the researcher can make an observation regarding the society from the viewpoint of the subject of the study. According to the viewpoint of Hammersley, (2013), Ethnography was pioneered in the cultural, social as well as biological branches of anthropology as the presentation of the empirical data on the human cultures as well as societies. Howe, it is also famous in the social sciences in general. The ethnographic method is mainly utilized over the range of several distinct disciplines by primarily the anthropologists but also by the sociologists occasionally. According to Pink, (2013), Ethnography is the study of the socio-cultural aspects, meanings as well as the processes within the cultural systems. Ethnography is the iterative process to learn episodes and the process of continuing inquiries, making inferences as well as the process of discovery in the attempt for achieving the emic validity. Cultural?Systems?Paradigm? According to Street, (2014), the purpose of the Cultural?Systems?Paradigm?is for defining the concept of culture as well as the way through which the concept is utilized in the Cultural Ecology of Health and Change for better understanding the broad notions of well-being as well as human health. On the other hand, another purpose of the Cultural?Systems?Paradigm?is for informing the comprehensive approach to the CEHC program in the research of community assessment that is utilized for analyzing as well as collecting the community data that is utilized for informing the evaluation, implementation and the planning of CBIs. Demographics of Batam As per the ethnicity, Batam is heterogeneous in the Indonesian context as well as it is very diverse. Chinese, Minangkabau, Batak, Javanese as well as Malays are the predominant ethnicities. On the other hand, as per the religion, in Batam, Islam is the majority religion with the 74.25 % of the population, followed by the Buddhists, Christians and Hinduism. Malay origin are the native people of Batam (Spindler, 2014). It is still the Malayan Culture as well as Islam, even if Batam is multi-ethnic that forms the root of the local culture. Application of the Literature to the Trip Experience The Botam trip has helped in gathering huge experience in terms of Ethnography. In other words, this trip has helped in understanding the scientific description of culture and people with their habits, customs and the mutual differences in Batam, Indonesia (Pink, 2015) . While people go for a trip in a different place then they can get the scope to come in touch with the culture by interacting with the local people of that particular spot. From the point of view of the ethnography, such a trip is always significant to the travelers to be familiar with the culture, customs as well as systems of the visiting place. Hence, this particular fact can be established with the help of the proper analysis of Cultural?Systems?Paradigm model, which has been discussed in the literature review. Cultural? Systems? Paradigm? The Cultural?Systems?Paradigm?is the prime conceptual framework or the attribute of the ethnography that is significant for both of the cultural and the social systems. Cultural?System?Paradigm?provides the framework in order to initiate the study. On the other hand, it also provides an effective paradigm to store the ethnographic data. Therefore, the boundaries of this particular framework are not rigid. Hence, in case of this Batam, this framework can easily provide the ethnographic view of this trip. Figure 2: Cultural Systems Paradigm (Source: Miller, 2016) As per the Cultural?Systems?Paradigm, stories, values as well as the rituals are the major factor of this particular paradigm of Ethnography with the help of which, it would become very easier for the travelers to be attached with the people in the place where they are visiting. Hence, in case of the Batam trip, it is very important for the travelers to know the culture or to study the culture of that place. In order to do so, it is important to be very friendly with the people live in Batam. In batam, people are very religious (Nahman, 2013). Both of the ceremonies as well as the daily lives of the people in Batam have mythical as well as religious elements expressed in music, dance or other forms of art. Therefore, in this regard, it must be stated that the visitors must observe the local practices as well as customs while visiting Batam in Indonesia (Street, 2014). The use of Cultural Systems Paradigm in order to analyze several social units of Batam as the cultural systems have made possible while these system have the few significant factors. These are as follows: The preferred social structures as well as relationships off Batam The preferred systems of idea as well as the patterns of behavior Valued as well as the other objects those have been synthesized with the help of the group The existence within the social as well as physical environments The shared sense of needs that the group attempts for meeting and The shared historical processes as well as events that the group members in the trip either know explicitly or are influenced by tacitly. Conclusion This study has a complete analysis of a tourist experience by highlighting the culture, habits of the people and some essential difference in Batam, Indonesia. According to this study, it can be concluded that it covers all the details of a trip in Batam, Indonesia. The culture of the Indonesia is discovered in this paper, and it includes a brief study of their transport system. They are moving many places such as Galang Island, Sentosa, Waterfront City, Singapore. However, the overall experience of this trip is concluded that Indonesia is much better than discovered other places. References Evans, N., Stonehouse, G., Campbell, D. (2012).Strategic management for travel and tourism. Taylor Francis. Hammersley, M. (2013).What's wrong with ethnography?. Routledge. Miller, K. (2016). The accidental carjack: Ethnography, gameworld tourism, and grand theft auto.Game Studies,8(1), 147. Nahman, M. (2013).Extractions: An ethnography of reproductive tourism. Springer. Pink, S. (2013).Doing visual ethnography. Sage. Pink, S. (2015). Mediated sensory ethnography: doing and recording sensory ethnography in a digital world. Spindler, L. (2014).Interpretive ethnography of education at home and abroad. Psychology Press. Street, B. V. (2014).Social literacies: Critical approaches to literacy in development, ethnography and education. Routledge. galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-17157105502903591982019-11-28T01:40:00.001-08:002019-11-28T01:40:04.409-08:00Scarlet Letter Essays (513 words) - English-language Films Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, delivers a powerful novel invoked with symbolism. Centered on Hester, a woman branded with a scarlet "A" as a mark for adultery, much of the Scarlet Letter's symbolism grows from the cruel, and shameful letter. The "A" symbolizes the "walking emblem of shame." (Hawthorne 6). Throughout the novel, the brand of disgust evolves around the characters influenced by Hester, including her illegitimate child Pearl. Even Pearl is subject to the shame her mother has bore, and is also shunned from the strict Puritan society. The close of the novel reveals that the symbol has given Hester strength to redeem her sin, rather then brake her spirits. The adulterous mark is almost replaced by the community as "able" due to Hester's deeds to the community. Scarlet Letter also uses nature's flowers as a way to symbolize growth in the novel. The opening chapter describes a rosebush growing by the prison. It shows how even a beautiful flower like the rose can be judged as sacrificial, with its petals near the jail. This relates to Hester, as her beautiful character is judged by sin, not by actions. Later in the novel, Chillingworth, Hester's husband, expresses to let the "black flower blossom as it may." (Hawthorne 14). This reoccurrence of the flower shows how Chillingworth accepts his tortuous soul. The flower's bloom is a direct symbol for the growth of character in Scarlet Letter. Clothing is a final source Hawthorne uses to symbolize. In chapter 7, Pearl is dressed in a red gown, with gold trim. The dress of Pearl is almost identical to the brand Hester must endure, with her scarlet brand. Chillington is dressed in black, which gives an insight into his sinister character, as revealed in chapter 14. Also, the use of bright color, like red, and gold expresses how different Hester and Pearl are viewed by the Puritan society, which mainly dresses in plain, emotionless colors. The brand of sin is reflected in all the aspects of Hester's life, which show how clothing in Scarlet Letter drastically reflects situation, and character. Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter gives a tremendous impression on the reader, filled with oppression, and historical opinion of the Puritans. Unfortunately, as the novel appears to mirror reality, situations in the storyline leave the reader skeptical about the actual ability to perform these actions. Hester's sudden removal of the scarlet brand bestowed upon her seems very unrealistic, considering it took seven years to remove it so quickly, and carefree. It almost makes the symbol of the scarlet letter obsolete at the end of the chapter 18, leaving insinuation that the letter did not have as much influence as formerly expressed. The Scarlet Letter also confuses the reader during chapters after 20. The final pages of the novel give a completely different perspective. Generally focused on the main characters, during chapter 21, and 22, the market gives a more broad insight into the community. While it makes for interesting reading, the sudden change of perspective leaves the reader strayed from the main characters, like Hester, and Pearl. The Scarlet Letter is a very intriguing novel, for anyone looking to find a tale of Puritan life, and the harsh reality of the times. Overall, the Scarlet Letter delivers an exciting, and interesting view for all readers. galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-22248399282001482242019-11-24T09:14:00.001-08:002019-11-24T09:14:05.006-08:00Free Essays on Promotional StrategiesPromotion is a part of 4Ps of marketing business strategies, which is widely used by the companies to inform, influence, or persuade existing and potential customers about the companyââ¬â¢s products or services. Marketing itself combines a broad range of business activities, where marketing mixes help companies to achieve its objectives and total customer satisfaction. Careful and thoughtful development of promotional strategies plays a significant role for business enterprises to maintain its leadership position in todayââ¬â¢s competitive marketplace. Unique promotional strategies make companies different and better from those of competitors, and so, attract more new customers. It is important to understand that these strategies need to be effective to ensure the success of the campaign. Promotional strategies turn into campaigns whose objective is to let the market know that the company is prepared to serve it with quality services and quality products, while reminding about its existence through placement of the right message in the right medium and using the right strategy whether it is brand awareness, new product or service introduction, attractive offering or another event where existing customers and prospects can participate. A mix of promotional strategies brings an opportunity for every organization to get closer to its customers wherever they are, whether they are consumers purchasing products and services or partners helping promote and distribute products and services. The result should be to establish and maintain a long term and fruitful business relationship with all parties to ensure a successful business growth at the markets the company serves. ââ¬Å"Companies and brands are very concerned with measurable and quick results in their marketing initiatives that promotion can deliver as promotional strategies can be designed to reach consumers where they areâ⬠, says Caren Berlin, president of Clarion Promotio, which is based i... Free Essays on Promotional Strategies Free Essays on Promotional Strategies Promotion is a part of 4Ps of marketing business strategies, which is widely used by the companies to inform, influence, or persuade existing and potential customers about the companyââ¬â¢s products or services. Marketing itself combines a broad range of business activities, where marketing mixes help companies to achieve its objectives and total customer satisfaction. Careful and thoughtful development of promotional strategies plays a significant role for business enterprises to maintain its leadership position in todayââ¬â¢s competitive marketplace. Unique promotional strategies make companies different and better from those of competitors, and so, attract more new customers. It is important to understand that these strategies need to be effective to ensure the success of the campaign. Promotional strategies turn into campaigns whose objective is to let the market know that the company is prepared to serve it with quality services and quality products, while reminding about its existence through placement of the right message in the right medium and using the right strategy whether it is brand awareness, new product or service introduction, attractive offering or another event where existing customers and prospects can participate. A mix of promotional strategies brings an opportunity for every organization to get closer to its customers wherever they are, whether they are consumers purchasing products and services or partners helping promote and distribute products and services. The result should be to establish and maintain a long term and fruitful business relationship with all parties to ensure a successful business growth at the markets the company serves. ââ¬Å"Companies and brands are very concerned with measurable and quick results in their marketing initiatives that promotion can deliver as promotional strategies can be designed to reach consumers where they areâ⬠, says Caren Berlin, president of Clarion Promotio, which is based i... galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-25839450521637012342019-11-21T07:03:00.001-08:002019-11-21T07:03:08.034-08:00Career Trends Assignment (Restaurant and Hospitality Management) CourseworkCareer Trends Assignment (Restaurant and Hospitality Management) - Coursework Example (3) Social trends is another factor that affects career growth where fads and shifts in social philosophies outlines which industries are more or less demanding career-wise .(4) Population affects career trends given that people of different age, gender and, education have varying demand of goods and services. On this, people are able to outline what jobs falls on the path for them to satisfy their demands. (5) Politics and economic factors outline policies that direct the flow of goods and services in the market, and inflation factors that affect hiring rates. (6) Life roles apart from being employed people play other roles in life e.g. parenting, student, or childhood. How we think about them may influence how we look at careers in general and how we make choice in our lives (All Star Directories, 2011). The above factors are important in career trends, especially in the hospitality industry. Hospitality industry being a day-to-day industry requires skilled and trained personnel to be involved. Economic globalization in this industry, where people of different cultures need our services, provides room for career growth in linguistics. New technology brings about more skilled personnel to embrace it in the industry (Jitendra, 2008). It creates career growth for persons to take a career path in adapting the new technology in this industry. Demographic here means that more people will have high demand for our services. Social trends in philosophies influence peoplesââ¬â¢ habits. It opens new doors, example on emphasis on living a healthy life or taking rest will make people look for hotels where these factors are essential. Careers will be open for people to learn on how the philosophies affect the industry (Jitendra, 2008). There are a number of career trends in the hotel with predictable outcomes. First is where employers are raising the educational bar. This has made many colleges that use galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-7850038084551134332019-11-20T08:13:00.001-08:002019-11-20T08:13:04.447-08:00Alternative Dispute Resolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 wordsAlternative Dispute Resolution - Essay Example Anyway, there is no harm in so doing. Mediation is actually a class or a form of an alternative dispute resolution process.2 ADR therefore is the generic term. Arbitration, however, has a different meaning. We have to take notice of the variance because the case to be analyzed is also criticized for not distinguishing arbitration from mediation, although that aspect will not be included in this paper. Stated in another way, ADR is a collective description of methods of resolving disputes otherwise than through the normal trial process. It is one of several ways to resolve disputes outside the ambit of the courts or to make an attempt to settle the case if possible. It is a procedure where the parties are therefore given a chance to amicably patch up their differences over a certain dispute. This has to be done in view of the prospect that those involved in a controversy may be able to mend things without going to the court for a full-blown trial. That is why it is considered an alternative solution, meaning that it will take the place of court proceedings if the parties agree. The most logical reason for ADR is to stop the further clogging of cases in tribunals or judicial bodies and agencies. Courts all over the world are confronted by the humongous predicament of so many pending matters for the action or resolution of the judge or panel of judges.3 Why must the courts be unclogged of cases The simple answer to this is to give more quality time to the judges in deciding or resolving suits and other incidents brought before them for judicial determination. If judges have limited time to so decide or resolve, they cannot prepare good and well-studied rulings compared to when they have ample opportunity. From a macro viewpoint, decisions which are crafted under deadline pressures will not serve the ends of justice. It will become a matter of what is haste is waste. If courts are to make good decisions in a loaded environment, what will happen is that the more recent filings will have to wait. Resultant of that will be the slow disposal or resolution of cases. Of course, public opinion frowns upon tardy decisions under the caveat that justice that is delayed is like justice that is denied. A grievance that is addressed but not expeditiously as normally expected is the same as if there was no redress at all.4 How can ADR help the unclogging of cases in the courts The more cases that are resolved in the ADR or mediation level, the lesser the cases that will be forwarded to the courts for hearing or trial. Such a situation will give more elbow room and latitude for the judges in dispensing their functions more efficiently, effectively and speedily. What are the advantages of ADR Firstly, in resorting to the mediation process, the parties save on time, money and efforts if they finally come to an amicable settlement. And secondly, the hostilities among the enemies are reduced if not totally removed and amity, if there was any, is restored once the compromise agreement shall have been concluded. Halsey, in its paragraph 15, citing the distinguished Lord Justice Brooke in the case of Dunnett v Railtrack, credited skilled mediators for having achieved satisfactory results in many cases than could have been achieved in court proceedings.5 Taken altogether, the attendant features surrounding the use of the ADR process indicate that it is for the public galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-78367414991181412022019-11-17T22:46:00.001-08:002019-11-17T22:46:03.282-08:00Linguistics - The English Language (750words paper) - Cohesion EssayLinguistics - The English Language (750words paper) - Cohesion Exercise - Essay Example By repeating it the reader must continue to read because they want to understand why the watch is so important. This is also the idea of repetition because the word is repeated over again. They also use synonyms for the missing watch and the watch itself like "bare wristed arm", "unique timepiece", and "threatening to tarnish". This last one indicates that the watch was silver and overtime would tarnish. There are also incidences of exophoric expression. In the first paragraph, "It is standard tourist advice" says that "it" is something the reader should immediately understand, and most tourists and people who live in the city will agree that this is a situation that everyone knows -- that they should look out for pickpockets. The word "pickpocket" immediately sets off in the readers mind a situation that is "seedy" and negative. This first paragraph sets the stage for the later cataphoic reference in that the watch is lifted from the president. The words "standard tourist" seems to imply that although tourists know this informant "the president" may not. The second paragraph starts off with "film" rather than saying something like "there was a security film" so the reader is not given what type of film, but it is another exophoric reference because the reader will know that some type of film could capture this situation. The use of the words "mobbed" and "plunging into an adoring crowd" seem to be juxtaposed to each other. We think of a "mob" as something out of control and at the same time he is "plunging into" the situation which makes it more positive. This creates a contrast between the words "plunging into" and "mob" so that it almost seems like someone being moved along in a crowd at a rock concert. In fact, the writer actually uses the metaphor phrase, "Mr. Bushâ⬠¦was received like a rock starâ⬠¦" in paragraph five. This was set up previously to make an endophoric connection. The article implies that the galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7805910663025223005.post-91781121073033841462019-11-15T11:17:00.001-08:002019-11-15T11:17:06.551-08:00The first sin and its punishmentThe first sin and its punishment The First Sin and Its Punishment Now the serpent was more crafty than any other wild animal that the Lord God had made. He said to the woman, Did God say, You shall not eat from any tree in the garden? 2 The woman said to the serpent, We may eat of the fruit of the trees in the garden; 3but God said, You shall not eat of the fruit of the tree that is in the middle of the garden, nor shall you touch it, or you shall die. 4 But the serpent said to the woman, You will not die; 5 for God knows that when you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil. 6 So when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise, she took of its fruit and ate; and she also gave some to her husband, who was with her, and he ate. 7 Then the eyes of both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together and made loincloths for themselves. [1] The book of Genesis is one part in an anthology of materials that have been put together over a considerable period of time. Pertaining to be part of a diverse oral tradition, it does not, according to Burnette-Bletsch, have any singular authorship.[2] The book of Genesis is known as the primeval history, as it is believed to be expressive of a time before, there were any recorded histories. As a result, these histories were often recorded at much later stages[3] However, there are some parallels with Ancient near Eastern literature which contradict this statement. As a result, this debate will, in all probability remain sterile. Regardless of the debate, Genesis is deemed to be an historical book. However, not in the modern sense, it is history with a purpose. It is a collection of instructional, educational, and religious material. The very fact that this tradition had been passed down through the generations, may even have led to omissions of material, however, this should not be viewed by the modern academic as a setback.[4] One must also take into account the fact that many people will not all share the same viewpoint. In this respect Biblical narratives are often a complex mix of sources, genres and interpretation, both in their written and oral formats.[5] Known as mosaic authorship the traditional Jewish and Christian belief denotes that the first five books of the Old Testament were Gods inspirational words which were written down by Moses. P J Wiseman somewhat supports this theory, however, he cites Moses as the redactor rather than its author. He also states that there are several clues within Genesis which reveal how it was written. He refers to the toledots or genealogies in Genesis and draws attention to the colophons, believing them to be a specific symbol of authorship. Thus, concluding that the people that are actually named, (Adam, Noah, Shem et al), were the ones who wrote on the clay tablets in cuneiform, therefore, making them the true authors. Moses, subsequently, as a result of his Egyptian influences, just brought together and edited this work from the tablets.[6] However, more liberal theologians generally accept the Wellhausen theory, or documentary hypothesis which asserts that Genesis and the remaining Pentateuch was written by a group of authors, from diverse locations throughout Palestine, over a substantial period of time. The theory is that these books were redacted or compiled from the texts of pre-existing documents. Within this theory there is also the belief that each author wrote with their own particular style. This effectively meant that the mosaic element contained many layers of material which overlapped in some places. These writers are also believed to have had both their own styles and narratives. For example the J writer, wrote with affection for the Hebrew name for God (YAHWH). The E writer alternatively favoured the divine name Elohim. Whilst the D and P documents were names for the Deuteronomic and Priestly writers.[7] The J, E and P authors are believed to overlap in the book of Genesis, which consequently gives both c omplementary and contrasting elements to the understanding of some of Genesiss abstract concepts. However, it is with critical consensus that the J writer is believed to have edited Genesis 3:1-7.[8] In contrast Wenham cites Rendtorff, in that he has challenged the mosaic theory by stating the heterogeneous nature of material in Genesis cannot be ascribed to J.[9] Indeed, who and to what writer, wrote which parts, still remains a contentious issue within theological debates today Some scholars, such as Freidman and Bloom, have also gone so far as to suggest and imply that the J writer was also a female. Bloom especially exploits the fact that she may have been someone who had access to royalty, perhaps the daughter of Solomon, Rehoboams sister. This would fit with the general consensus that J had royal connections and wrote during the tenth century BCE. However, Bloom argues that Rehoboam (922-915) was the king at that time, not David (1000-961), or Solomon. (961-922).[10] The importance of this is that the kingdom under Rehoboam was experiencing internal unrest and rebellion. This was a stark contrast to the kingdom under the reign of David and Solomon.[11] Similarly another interesting point is made by Alicia Ostriker on Blooms feminist perspective. She compares the male characters in The Iliad, The Odyssey, and the Gilgamesh with the stories of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, and Moses. In comparison she asserts that the biblical ancestors were family men who initiated negotiation and deflected potentially dangerous situations. Whereas, the characters in the above texts were warriors and fighters, this alone may make a case for the survival of a female perspective within the overwhelmingly male dominated traits contained within the Hebrew bible.[12] The book of Genesis covers the largest time period than any of the other books. It covers the periods from creation, up to the time when the Israelites arrived in Egypt and grew into a nation. The literary structure of Genesis is built around eleven separate units. Beginning with the creation and the origins of the universe, through to the early history of the Israelites.[13] This proprietary text also gives and puts the biblical patriarchs into a creation framework. Originally written in Hebrew the title bereshit translates to in the beginning and is a translation of the Hebrew word toledot. [14] As a result Genesis is a history of origins, births, genealogies, and generations. The primary intent of Genesis one to eleven is focused around the parables. These cover the two creation stories, the Fall, Cain and Abel, The Flood and the Tower of Babel.[15] These myths centre upon deep philosophical meaning as opposed to fable or mere legend. They are also far removed from scientific theory. Indeed, the parables of Genesis with its poetic imagery and symbolism must be read, according to Richardson, as poetry and not as prose. In this context, Adam, Eve and the serpent should be viewed as poetical, religious figures, and not as real individuals.[16] Genesis 3: 1-7 has been the subject of many theories and interpretations between scholars alike. It is taken by many as an explanation of original sin. However, the word sin never occurs. Disobedience and its consequences, however, do occur. Phyllis Trible sees Genesis chapter two and three as A love story gone awry. She identifies that the plot is simple and uncomplicated. However, she also believes it to be full of uncertainty and plurality. She identifies that some may interpret Adam as superior to Eve and be both dependant and worthy, of the description troublemaker. However, Trible also notes that Adam remained silent in this text, a sign of his passive weakness perhaps.[17] Schungel-Strauman believes that no gender can claim dominance over the other, as the author of Genesis clearly provided a male and a female, evident in Genesis 1:.26-28.[18] Richardson expresses the view that the serpent within the text is a personification of temptation and should not be thought of as external to that of human nature. However, the J writer does not attempt to answer the philosophical question of where and how evil came into the world, he just tries to portray humanity. For example, the serpent may appeal to ones vanity and may suggest that Gods goodness can be emulated.[19] The serpent appears to be impersonal towards God as he refers to him as God and not Lord God. This bold rhetoric may be a direct challenge on his divinity.[20]As a result this challenge introduces a sense of unease into the text and is possibly a preamble of manipulation and trickery, is thus, imposed upon the reader. However, in contrast the serpent asked Eve an inquisitive, innocent question. Did God say, You shall not eat from any tree in the garden? This could imply that it was God himself speaking.[21] There is also the question of how did the serpent know firstly that God had spoken and secondly, what God had instructed. This could again imply that that the serpent was indeed manipulative and had an ultimate objective. A common interpretation is that the serpent is identifiable as either Satan or the devil. However, the serpent in ancient times was a symbolic figure, prominent and adored around ancient Egypt, Babylon, and Palestine. There was also an opinion that the serpent was intrinsically wise. Indeed, they often guarded the doorways of Egyptian Tombs, which symbolically, represented the mansions of heaven. They were also kept in temples and in the tombs of Kings.[22] To some, the serpent was also seen as a religious emblem, phallic in nature, it was connected to life, especially everlasting, or continuing. This would fit with the theme of both lineage and fertility of beginnings, evident within the book of Genesis. Next the focus appears to be on Eve the woman. Eve begins a dialogue with the serpent and explains both the instruction and consequence of disobeying Gods word. Eve uses the word God just as the serpent had, which possibly could indicate that she felt it was a somewhat harsh command.[23] The fact that the fruit could not be touched or eaten denotes that the action of disobedience would result in death. This could be taken literally, given the fact that both Adam and Eve had not previously touched these items. However, when the serpent answers you will not die and God knows what will happen, implies that God knew that they were going to both disobey and become enlightened in some way. Death therefore, may not have meant physical death but an ending of another sort. Your eyes will be opened, could be where crafty, the description of the serpent fits, or it could be where a bilateral view of good and evil in the world becomes evident to man. In so much as God had decreed a death sentenc e and the serpent had predicted increased knowledge.[24] However, Eve choose to ignore Gods instruction and take those of a crafty serpent, lured by his promise of liberation, freedom and knowledge, rather than the consequences of death. Yet in her ignorance, disobedience and doubt become parallel processes in so much as, when we obey God we fail to assert ourselves. This failure can then cause doubt and consequently, disobedience. Thus, when the serpent suggests that God did not forbid the eating of the fruit, it may have signified Gods divinity or his concern for humanity. Comparatively, human assertion may have highlighted the need for them to be the central figures, and not God. As a result, this rebellion may have signified human pride, which in turn led to sin, and equated to them wanting a parallel and equality with God.[25] Eve again is the central figure in Genesis 3: 6 and rather than be under the guidance of God, she possibly tries to assert her independence. One interpretation comes from Clare Amos, who believes that this verse is a metaphor for the maturity of both society and human beings. She suggests that Paul in (Rom7.7-12) also supports this theory. She further highlights the idea by explaining that the use of the adjectives, pleasing and desirable draw upon the idea of sexual maturity .Indeed, under the guidance of the serpent, a phallic symbol, the bodys senses became more obvious. When the eyes of both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together and made loincloths for themselves. Amos, attributes this as a representation of them leaving an immature state of mind and thus, conforming to the constraints of society.[26] As in non biblical primeval narratives, clothing was a mark of civilisation.[27] In conclusion, Genesis 3 is the prologue to mans salvation, resulting from man disobedience towards God, However, it should not be read literally, but in context to ones own understanding. It serves as a theoretical text for the universal question of disobedience. However, it culminates in God not destroying man, but preserving his life. This redemption consequently sets him on a path towards salvation.[28] The book of Genesis is that path as it portrays a concept of human conduct, which both illustrates and illuminates our choices. It offers both subtle guidance and regulations and deals effectively and metaphorically with the possible consequences of noncompliance. Regulation is the backbone of any society, it cannot exist effectively without some controls. As a result the book of Genesis served as an interactive narrative that highlighted these issues and that in turn united the ancient societies. [1] Coogan, Michael, D, (ed), The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha 3rd Edition NRSV, (Oxford, 2007).pp.14-15 [2] Burnette- Bletsch, Rhonda, Studying The Old Testament, (Abingdon Press, U.S, 2007).p.8 [3] Ibid, p.125 [4] Vawter, Bruce, A Path Through Genesis, (London, 1957).p.21 [5] Edward L. Greenstein, The Formation of the Biblical Narrative Corpus AJS Review, Vol. 15, No. 2 (Autumn, 1990), p.162 [6] http://www.british-israel.ca/Genesis.htm [7] Vawter, Bruce, A Path Through Genesis, (London, 1957).p.23 [8] Speiser,E,A, The Anchor Bible Series, Genesis, (New York, 1964). p. XXVII [9] Wenham, Gordon, J, World Biblical Commentary, Genesis 1-15, (Nelson word Pub Group, 1987). p.xxix [10] Phyllis Trible The Bible in Bloom The Iowa Review, Vol. 21, No. 3 (Fall, 1991), pp.21-22 [11]Hill, A, Walton J, H, A Survey Of The Old Testament 2nd Ed, (Grand Rapids Zondervan, 2000). p.157 [12] Alicia Ostriker, The Book of J The Iowa Review, Vol. 21, No. 3 (Fall, 1991), p.16 [13] Speiser, The Anchor Bible Series, Genesis, p. LV [14] Burnette- Bletsch, Studying The Old Testament, p.25 [15] Richardson, Genesis 1-11, p.27 [16] Ibid, p.30 [17] Trible, Phyllis, God And The Rhetoric Of Sexuality, (Philadelphia, Fortress Press, 1978). p 72 [18] Brenner, Athalya, (ed), A Feminist Companion To Genesis, (Sheffield, Sheffield Academic Press, 1993).p.75 [19] Richardson, Alan, Genesis 1-11, (Torch Bible series, London, 1953).p.71 [20] Burnette- Bletsch, Studying The Old Testament, p.30 [21] Wenham, World Biblical Commentary, Genesis 1-15, p.88 [22] W. G. Moorehead, Universality of Serpent-Worship, The Old Testament Student, Vol. 4, No. 5 (Jan., 1885), p.207 [23] Wenham, World Biblical Commentary, Genesis 1-15, p.88 [24] Burnette- Bletsch, Studying The Old Testament, p.30 [25] Richardson, Genesis 1-11, p72 [26] Amos, Clare, The Book Of Genesis, (Peterborough, Epworth Press, 2004).p.23 [27] Coogan, Michael, D, The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, p15 [28] Richardson, Alan, Genesis 1-11, p.79 galvkenthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04277272821524849898noreply@blogger.com0