Compare And Contrast Different Organizational Structures And Culture Commerce Essay

Compare And Contrast Different governingal Structures And Culture Commerce EssayMasterCard is unmatchable(a) of the most common name used by quite a little in USA and the second alone in worldwide billings to Visa. In order to answer the question active the position of MasterCard in the world, Leigh Clapham (n.d) announced that As we examined the confederation, we felt our st ordaingy and people were fine, so we really focused on socialisation almost by a process of elimination. We just felt our leaders and our execution could be much better, and purification was really at the heart of that.MasterCards cheekal civilization is delineate as role ending because their employees countenance passive-defensive behaviors, which often heart and soul avoiding personal responsibility and simply attempting to make everything rule-based. (Leigh Clapham, n.d) However, these bureaucracies are very averse to respond to change which track of life that the Leigh Claphams desire to change behavior and culture in MasterCard is quite hard to achieve. However, role culture brings safety functional environment to employees so that they are willing to keep their mind on their work.MicrosoftIn the past, Microsoft is known as the most successful and biggest technological company to a lower place flower Gates leadership. In 2000, broadside Gates leftover and Steve Ballmer became the chief executive officer of Microsoft. Under Steve Ballmers leadership, Microsoft went down in some(prenominal) aspects such(prenominal) as stock price, the capabilities of innovation, and especially the nerveal culture.The organizational culture in Microsoft is free-enterprise(a) culture (Diane Ravitch, 2012) and in like manner called lay approximatelynibalistic culture (Paul Thomas). It fashion that, working in Microsoft, employees endlessly defend to take part in an unexpected competition. This ingrained competition, somehow, has created dysfunction corporate culture tha t obviously will thwart innovation. Its one of many things that lead Microsoft to Lost Decade (Kurt Eichenwald, 2012).StructureAccording to Bill Gates (1997), Microsoft has a very flat organization. Microsoft is currently employing 94,000 people which means much larger than MasterCard. In 2011, MasterCard was employing approximately 7000 people. However, likes Microsoft, MasterCard is excessively defined as a flat organization (?)Outcome 1.3 Discuss the factors which mildew various(prenominal) behavior at workAdmittedly, organization is do up by respective(prenominal) and, as a result, various(prenominal) plays an important role influencing organizational behavior. There are five major factors that influence individual differences in behavior at work personality perception attitude abilities and skills conflict, adjudicate and change.The individuals personality is one of the core factors of organizational behavior which obviously tinct the whole organization. Personality is considered as the most complicated aspect that eject influence an individual behavior in a big way. Family, culture and situation are several personality factors that have impact on an individual.Attitude is a tendency to respond to certain situations. Its also defined as a mental and neural state of readiness, exerting a directive or dynamic influence upon the individuals response to all objects with which is related. That means the managing directors of an organization have responsibility in order to create a well-disposed working environment which will enable their employees form a convinced(p) attitude. For example, the working environment in Microsoft is known as cannibalistic culture (Paul Thomas) meaning that its too competitive. It leads to result that their employees always have to compete with for each one other. They would rather beat their colleague than make innovation. Lacking innovation which comes from employees, Microsoft is performing a bad business in recent years.Perception is the way an individual interpret the environmental stimuli. There are also many factors that decide the right perception of an individual. But the most important is that the manager has to create a favorable environment which will help employees cover them in a official way.Abilities and skills are judged through the performance of an individual at work. It means that employees can perform well or non depends on his/her abilities and skills can match the job requirement or not. Microsoft is a typical example explains the relationship between skills, abilities and organization. Microsoft is using stack be system which was popularized by Jack Welch of GE (Diane Ravitch, 2012). This system enables manager rate their employees from the best to worst and then fail the worst. The worst one is also known as the person who cant match the abilities and skills with the job requirement. If the failed one is doing a terrific job and he knows he is going to disturb failed , he dead perform his work in a positive way.The last factor in five core factors that influence an individual is conflict, stress and change. Working under cannibalistic culture means Microsofts employees always have to work under pressure and stress. The result is that they cant do their best when they deal with problems or have to innovate. Then, they perform the bad work, greatly influence to the organization and Microsoft is now close to financial failure.The knowledge about these responses is determining factors for the organization. Every organization requires a positive behavior from their employees and such behavior is recognized by observation, learning or training. Besides the job, the managers have responsibilities to create a good working environment which, somehow, will influence to employees behavior.Outcome 2.1 Compare the effectiveness of unalike leadership airs in different organizations leader plays a vital role for the development and the existence of the orga nization. Leader helps develop organizations objectives, visions, missions and value. Naturally, organizational culture is created based on its leadership and vice versa the organizational culture also has impact on shaping and ontogenesis leadership. The leader styles could be distinguished into four types autocratic, democratic, persuasive and, participative.Microsoft under Bill Gates leadership is different with Microsoft under Steve Ballmers leadership because of different leadership between these two CEO. Bill Gates leadership is called autocratic. Gates made all the purposes, large or small. He allowed no middle managers between him and his employees. Gates was Microsofts psyche decision maker, chief technologist, chief salesperson, chief dealmaker and chief visionary, all rolled into one. (Robert S. Portfolio, 2004). His leadership styles made the communication between him and subordinates was shown in one-way. He made decision and everyone had to do exactly what he verba lize without questions. It greatly effects on employees work performance. Making all decisions himself means he decides to change Microsofts culture into overbearing culture (Edward Cotton). He also dropped the innovative culture which is built from the contribution or initiative from subordinates. However, his style ensures the fulfillment of the strategies. We cant avoid the excellent business performance of Microsoft under Bill which was a certain part created by his leadership style. In 1993, Microsoft had $3.79 billion in revenues, $953 million in profit, and 14,430 employees. In 2000, revenues soared to $22.96 billion, profits to $9.4 billion, and the headcount to 39,170. Between 1999 and 2000 alone, the company had taken on n wee 8,000 new employees. (Robert S. Portfolio, 2004)When Steve Ballmer became the CEO of Microsoft, he tried to change the organizational culture and encourage innovations by using his leadership style which definitely different from Bill Gates. Steve B allmer (2012) verbalize Im really trying to give out the instructions, so that many decisions can be made by people. By saying this, he corroborate that his leadership style is democratic which allow him and followers make the decision together.Robert W. Selander was the CEO of MasterCard for 14 years from 1999 to 2010. Robert W. Selander announced that I have to be careful about not conveying where Im coming from too early on in the process, because Im looking to get feedback from others. Obviously, his leadership styles can be defined as participative leadership. It helps MasterCard create the innovation culture. Participative leadership enables Robert W. Selander to gather and hit the books subordinates ideas and views. It makes all MasterCard decisions seem to be more objective than Microsoft. Under Robert W. Selanders leadership, MasterCard grew and rhythm into one of the most successful payment company. In 2006, MasterCard sold for $39 in its initial public offering. It cl osed at $218 on June 25. (Roslyn Courtney, 2010)The organization measures its performance and uses that information to improve products and services. In order to do that, it absolutely needs employees contribution and everything is encouraged and shaped by the leadership. Leaders have responsibilities to ensure that their employees are motivated and guided by their leadership and organizational culture also. In other words, leadership has affected the whole organization including human resources, processes and profits.