Strategic Marketing Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategic merchandise Case Study - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, IBM realized that customer-centric and service-centric products have a high-profit moulding and investmentsin products such as software would ensure that companys profit valuation reserve remained high. Hence, divesting from the low-profit margin products was the first step towards investing in service-centric products. Secondly, the company invested in making the company investing in developing serve and software with an emphasis on meeting the specific needs of some industries. In this representative, the companys investment in this line ensured that it de-emphasized on creating and producing hardware and foc employ its attention towards producing services and software tailored to meet the needs of specific industries. Finally, IBM invested in the application of the technology that it manufactured to grocery its products and reach tabu to its customers. In this case, the company had realized that it was makin g technology that it never exploited, whose implications when selling products to customers were bare since customer failed to identify IBMs application of technology. Qn. 2 Description of Louis Gerstners Strategy Implementation Style First, it is distinguished to point out that Gerstner was in charge for the turn-around witnessed at IBM. In effect, he was responsible for implementing the competitive dodging that enhanced profitability at the company. In line with this, the case study implies that he single-handedly brought important changes to the organization by designing the competitive strategy and overseeing its full implementation. Importantly, the case study does not allow for evidence that Gerstner used a team to arrive at the competitive strategy and neither does the case study provide evidence regarding the use of a team to implement the strategy. Hence, the implementation style that Gerstner used to implement the competitive style can be summed up as the commander ap proach style. In this regard, Gerstner focused on formulating an approach to enhance the companys competitive advantage. In addition, he use a rigorous analysis to develop a logical strategy whose implementation changed the course of IBM. Gerstners implementation style was important since he was new in the company, which ensured his insulation from any prior own(prenominal) biases or political influences. In effect, this might be one of the reasons that contributed to the success of the strategy. Qn. 3 Implications of the Globally incorporate Enterprise Model for Marketing Managers in the Australia and New Zealand Subsidiary of IBM At the beginning, it is important to point out that the model for operation in IBM used to be a country-based model prior to the global coordinated approach. In effect, the company designed the global integrated enterprise model for all its marketing managers in all the countries of the companys operations. In effect, IBM marketing managers in a countr y like confederation Africa use a similar model to the one used by marketing managers in IBMs Australia and New Zealand subsidiary. The integration of this model in the IBM subsidiary may have different implications. First, it reduces the duplication of roles in the approach that guided the companys delivery of specific internal services, which reduces a subsidiarys costs of operations. In this case, the subsidiary may have global procurement done in a different part of the world while paying of accounts and expenses on human

Discussion 7 international relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

discussion 7 international relations - Essay Example47). Kants article thus has promoted a singular cosmopolitan approach to developing an international law that all individuals possess equal rights regardless of the farming they belong to. His work put forward specific three articles about perpetual peace among nations, they are, a) republican-character of either states courteous constitution, b) law of nations as being federation of free states, and c) world citizenship as conditions of universal (Russett, Starr and Kinsella, 2009). startle section of Immanuel Kants literary works emphasized that no peace-treaty will be valid if it is made with a secret reservation for material for a future war, an independently existing land shall non be acquired by another state for inheritance, standing armies shall gradually be abolished, a states debts shall not be contracted in connection with the external affairs of the state etc. The other sections from his writings suggested that e ach nation can demand of the others that they should enter along with them in to a constitution, similar to the civil one for the sake of security reasons. His perpetual peace theory denoted idea of international right which in turn presupposes the separate existence of many independent states (Kant, p. 368- 374).

The Goal of ELT in Outer or Expanding Circle Essay

The Goal of ELT in Outer or Expanding Circle - Essay ExampleAt present, position could well be called as a multi-ethnic, multi-national and, multi-cultural language. It is still the connecting thread of the shrinking world, which is a crossroad of advanced information and communication technologies (ICTs). English language teaching too has become a heterogeneous and controversial issue as the influence of English continues to grow.In this essay I am issue to provide evidence that the goal of ELT in Outer or Expanding Circle should not be the Native-Like design of language. Since we are living with not only English but indigenized varieties of Englishes in todays world, this, in my spatial relation, is better understood with greater grasp of the concepts of World Englishes (WEs) and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). Later on, the paper will examine more to the conceptual similarities and differences of WEs and ELF and the very common controversies around these phenomena. Furthe r, I would look more well-nigh into the implications of WEs/ELF on Teachers of English to speakers of other languages (TESOL). This would be a segment where this essay deals with the association, inclusion and enfolding of them both in todays ELT. Then, the paper will also deal with the (in)appropriateness of native Standard English in expanding and outer circles with arguments for and against the native norms. At the same time, the need to incorporate World Englishes and English as a Lingua Franca in testing would be discussed. Finally, the paper will hold a critical view of the native versus non-native teachers of English.The traditional view had that the correct form of English was the language utilise by educate British or American natives the so called Native Speakers (NS). Thus, indicating that the learners of the English language, who are, in fact, Non-Native Speakers (NNS) must follow the norms of the NS. So, nonpareil began consider NS to be the best teachers of the la nguage, as they were the best models of the language using and they had reliable linguistic knowledge. As a result, Parents were willing to pay huge amount for their children to be taught English by native teachers, plot of land schools considered it as abetter investment to employ native English teachers than the local English teachers.However, now the scenario has widely changed, though Rinvolucri (2008) believe we should continue to use the current standard native model in language teaching and learning, others, for casing Barbra Seidlhofer (2004) and Jennifer Jenkins (2005) believe we must take stock of what is happening to English and its users, recognise the change and begin to sop up and codify a new model such as a lingua Franca (ELF), which reflects how English is used by the majority of users in the world.The Concept of World Englishes (WEs) and English as a Lingua Franca (ELF)The narration of world Englishes is backed to the end of the region of Queen Elizabeth I in sixteen century when English language was spoken by a relatively small group of mother-tongue speakers born and bred within the shore of British Isle Jenkins (2003 2) but nowadays it is spoken in almost all over the world. According to Jenkins (2003), the global open of English has been viewed as two Diaspora.

Commercial Law Dissertation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Commercial Law Dissertation - Essay fontea of regulation that administers different types of possession ( self-command) in real property and in personal possessions surrounded by the common law structure. In the civil regulation scheme, there is a separation among variable (movable) and contumacious goods. Movable goods approximately correspond to personal goods, at the same time as immovable goods atomic number 18 real estate or real property, and the connected rights and duties thereon. Commercial law is the body of rule that oversees shift and operations. It is often considered to be a branch of civil law and deals both with issues of private law and globe law. Commercial law regulates corporate contracts, hiring practices, and the manufacture and sale of consumer goods. There is also a vast battle between in the rights of ownership and possession in English commercial law. The law and regulation, associated to rights of ownership, provide non provide any preference to any exact type of property rights. Right of possession is the say-so to work out power or authority above the real possessions. A right to ownership can be formed by a variety of legal deals for example deed, rent, life, estate, will etcetera It is necessary to examine the differentiation among Property and Ownership, where goods are most precisely explained as the thing or object to be possessed, and possession is the act of owning, or association that the proprietor has with his belongings. There is also dissimilarity among ownership, and possession. Ownership is the condition of exclusive rights and power above the possessions which may be anything, commonwealth or intellectual property. At the same time, right of possession means that somebody presently holds or possesses something. There are various legal aspects to the ownership of a property in English law. We will try and cover them all in this section of the website. They includeThe research aim and methodology of the the ater is to help us understand the difference between the rights of

Divorce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Divorce - Essay ExampleSimilarly, the aggregate percentage of born once more Christians who commit divorce, evangelical and non-evangelical alike, is statistically close to the figure of non-born again adults who have had divorce case with terzetto of either population. Evangelicals do not necessarily attend the church though most are verbalise to have had profound conviction in Christ and the doctrine of salvation by grace and if their expect is combined with the number of believers who are basically parishioners, roughly about 33% enter into divorce whereas among the atheists and agnostics, 30% are reported to have gone through the similar situation. While the 3% difference whitethorn be attributed to the sampling error, the almost identical statistics is typically due to the lower rates of marriage experienced by the non-believers who prefer cohabitation. According to George Barna, Americans have grown comfortable with divorce as a raw(a) part of life that is why such an act o r decision of stepping out of marriage has sire prevalent. There apparently exists no huge deal in having divorce as American mixer structure has absorbed and become accustomed to the idea as if to acknowledge it being an ordinary average or convention. The increase in cohabitation which correspondingly augments the likelihood of divorce may be claimed to generate a continuing trend especially since U.S.

STRATEGIC PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

STRATEGIC PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION - Essay ExampleChanging stance of the companies to global gives relevance to strategic planning and implementation. An brass sections strategic goal helps in directing the resources towards it. But strategic plan alone does not result in a successful implementation of the strategy. It depends upon the over all(prenominal) environs of the business i.e. its size, culture, market pressures etc. Studies show that strategic caution led to increased performance of an organization in terms of its profit, market sh atomic number 18 etc. Strategic management decisions taken at all levels of management helps to evaluate and measure the benefits derived. It also helps in the creation of problem prevention culture in the organization. Strategic management offers a number of benefits to the organization practicing it.People could realize the importance of their working and what are expected from them. Better delegation, coordination, monitoring, performa nce evaluation and control. Strength and weakness of the firm could be identified.The word strategy has different meaning in different parlance. In business, there is no definite meaning and it is often used to mean a number of things. Alfred D Chandler had defined strategy as the determination of the basic long term goals and objectives of an enterprise and the adoption of the courses of action and allocation of resources necessary to carry out these goals.(Page no.26, scrap Edition, Business Policy and Strategic Management, Azhar Khazmi). William F Gluek, a well known in the strategic management area has defined strategy as a unified, comprehensive and integrated plan designed to sustain that the basic objectives of the enterprise are achieved (page no. 27, Business Policy and Strategic Management, Azhar Khazmi, Second Edition). Unified refers that the strategic plan joins all levels of an organization, comprehensive refers all aspects

Work Place Training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Work Place Training - Essay ExampleThe issue or worry that has been focused is self learning versus the trainers in work places. An attempt has been made to bring out the master(prenominal) root gravel of issue. The paper will firstly begin with discussing the issues /problem that is being faced come on which the assumptions made will be discussed. The later sections will deal with a detailed root cause analysis of the issue based on which the recommendations to the managers have been drawn out.With the increasing needs and competitive personality of the economy, along with the exalted levels of change in the demographics, occupational and workplace changes, there is now a high growth in the need of work place training. Training and development of the human resources is a rattling important aspect of every business. The HR management devises the training methodologies and strategies, after careful consideration of the railway line specifications and the way in which the new employee will contribute towards the strategic goal of the organization. It is the HR managements responsibility to insure the integration of personal and organizational development for employees (Scribner and Sachs). Keeping the employees motivated is a crucial element to realise the success of the organization. ... It is the HR managements responsibility to ensure the integration of personal and organizational development for employees (Scribner and Sachs). Keeping the employees motivated is a crucial element to ensure the success of the organization. The HR management acts as the medium fine-looking many opportunities for the employees to develop themselves by acquiring new skills and engage themselves in the continuous learning process. The cloggy skills that will be necessary for the training will include the product and process training. Once a candidate has complete this successfully, they will also receive other trainings including selling techniques, managing people, c ustomer communication, marketing skills and self confidence.As said very rightly by Dulewicz (1989), a basic human tendency to excite judgements about those one is working with, as well as about oneself. It is noted that appraisals are requirement and is universal. People evaluate how well a job is done to set performance standards. To ensure expose performance standards, it is essential to understand that education and training do not only form a part of the realm of educational institutions. It is now becoming a wider and broader system which involves workplaces, educational institutions, individuals and also numerous other government and community organisations. As mentioned earlier, the need to perform is now one of the most essential aspects in any job or business. The skill levels of employees require to be improved every integrity day to be able to stay in the race and to compete in the current highly competitive environments. Every organisation requires different set o f skills and the skills set have been noted to have a constant change across the organisations as well. The most important

Religious Uncertainty and the Cycle of Life and Death in the Poems of Research Paper

Religious Uncertainty and the Cycle of Life and Death in the Poems of Dylan doubting doubting Thomas - Research root ExampleHis works, published in his teenage between 1930 and 1934, portray the struggle between crisis of his life, like decision his own identity which is typical of teenage, and himself. His musical create verbally port was infatuated with the sound and rhythm of words, and their procreate meanings. The richness of meaning often became illogical, and the innovatory syntax depicting celestial and sexual descriptions made his poetry fairly hard to understand. The themes of religious uncertainty and the cycle of life and death may have arisen from some ruinous life events, like the marriage of his love and his human relationship with his father. When he travelled to London and Wales between 1934 and 1936, the years of publication of Eighteen Poems and Twenty-five poems respectively, he met a lot of literary personalities and started an affair with the poet and no velist, Pamela Hansford Johnson, who later on got married to the novelist C.P. Snow. This incident made Thomas a heart-broken hard drinker. Thomas had always felt a lot of difficulty in writing first-rate poetry and to be considered as a poet (Poetry Foundation). This too led him to plagiarize at times. Thomas started bringing elements of sadness, war, and financial failures in his poetry when he move to a borrowed house in Wales with his wife. When Thomas married Caitlin Macnamara in 1937, they were impoverished. They go to Laugharne, Wales and remained there till Thomas died in 1953. The monetary troubles that they encountered, like the recurrent borrowing of lodgings, started overlapping his artistic style of writing. Admirers and critics started enamoring a drift in his poetry in which he, then, talked about his love for his wife, child, dwelling, and death. War, which broke out in europium in 1939, became a noticeable subject of his poetry published in his third book, the Map of Love. However, ascribable to war, the work was a failure. These external circumstances added to his conception of life and death, and religious uncertainties that showed themselves in his later works. Thomass relationship with his father is also of particular interest in understanding his style of writing (Kabra, Mutoko and Mendonca). Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night, is a villanelle he wrote in 1945 for his father, D.J. Thomas, who was seek with cancer. It was a 19-line poem and consisted of five collars and a quatrain on two rhymes. The first and third lines of the first tercet recurred alternately as a catchphrase finishing the subsequent stanzas, and connected as the last mates of the quatrain. In this poem, Thomas addressed his own father as he moved toward sightlessness and death. The relationship showed Thomass philosophical admiration for his fathers adamant intellectual autonomy, which was now under control of poor health. Having emotionally moved and agitat ed, Thomas made himself show his emotions and respect in the intricate structure of the villanelle. His musical writing style made the five tercets lead by a quatrain, with the opening and ending lines of the stanza coming alternately as the ending lines of the next stanzas. The recurring lines collected into a couplet at the last part of the quatrain. We see only two rhymes and ten syllables in each line. He talked about wild men, good men, and ponderous men in this

Case Study Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case Study Assignment - Essay Examplent that would justify entering the China commercialize would put to rest any counterarguments and indicate that Googles move was still consistent with their unofficial union motto Dont Be Evil. Google could address the arguments that entry into the China grocery store and imperishable with the governments law for censorship is the only logical, viable, and ethical solution for providing services to the China market and allowing access to the Google search engine, as against totally preventing their entry. Google could justify that among a magnanimous amount of information that could be accessed, only a few controversial issues where explicitly identified by Chinese government and they do justice to the government and to their Chinese clientele through abiding by these regulations.B. Being silent is other strategy that would still indicate that Google does not need to explain their entry into the China market since obviously, the organization has made every possible cost-benefit analysis and justifications that led to the decision. By being silent, Google affirms conformity to the same incorporate mantra and as long as they do not violate any international law, the organization adheres to ethical, righteous and legal standards. The focus is to advertise their focus on serving the global market to indicate that they argon more concerned of unifying the world, than, being contributory to restrictive access.Actually, they could issue a public line of reasoning to justify their entry to the China market and at the same time design a promotional campaign that Google focuses on serving the global market by addressing the distinct needs and requirements of varied

Political socialization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Political socialization - analyse ExampleIndeed, to the best of my understanding, integrity and fear of God cannot be perceived to be different. Rather, they are complemental to each other. Politics is said to be a dirty game. This is a conclusion made subsequently observing too many incidences of political foul play. Indeed, politicians acknowledge there is no true friendship when it comes to politics. I have grown hearing this word in news bulletins. Therefore, politicians and community leaders thunder by painting their opponents as enemies of their course and unacceptable to state, especially when elections are near. They do this through vulcanized fiber assassination. However, there are certain positions I accepted, not because of experience or exposure. I grew up subtle that. For example, it was unacceptable to try to imagine a leader endorsing same sex relationships. We have lived to see gays trial for political offices and claiming equal rights with others. As long as I can remember, the society treated such(prenominal) people as outcasts, and in some societies, they were killed. Through childhood training, I knew that people who subscribe to my set system as the best when it comes to politics and economy.This has caused communities to stick to the leaders to who come from their background. It becomes hard to accept people across the economic and political divide. Prejudices occur after years of training during the growing process of a child. I feel safe when I have a leader who can be croak into my community or convictions. This includes sharing the same faith and the same origin. After years of aggressive campaigns on government, political and society, the stand has softened. It is now possible to endorse a political leader who does not partake the same roots with me. However, the mistrust still continues because politicians thrive by defining positions and power in basis of communities support and ethnicity. Extremely rich people prefer r ich

Using specific examples, compare how inflammatory and hypersensitive Essay

Using specific examples, compare how inflammatory and allergic reactions to parasites can be a defence of the legions against the parasites and as well a disease problem for the hordes - Essay congressman2007 The parasites discussed here mostly refer to helminths, protozoa and arthropods. Inflammation is a protective chemical reaction of the animal host caused by cell injury and tissue damage, aiming to eliminate the cause of cell injury and to wall eat up and remove the injured tissue. Blood et al. 2007 Cardinal signs of inflammation include the triple response heat, redness and swelling and also pain and loss of function. Hypersensitivity is a modified and exaggerated resistant reaction of the body to a impertinent antigen and is the same as allergy. Blood et al. 2007 There are different forms of hypersensitivity, namely Type I (immediate anaphylaxis), Type II (cytotoxicity), Type III (immune complex disease) and Type IV (cell-mediated delayed type hypersensitivity).Unders tanding the dynamics of host/parasite behaviour may be an important point to start some(prenominal) research of any medical or veterinary intervention to boost the animals ability to fight back parasitic invasion. The substructure line however is that it is possible to achieve 100% prevention against pathogenic effects of the parasites if a lowly and timely immune based intervention can be applied.An organisms body has a natural way of responding to undesirable stimuli because of exposure to pathogenic organisms (usually parasites) in the environment. The response can be inflammatory or hypersensitive depending on the causative agent and the magnitude of the effect of the invasion. Inflammation is the quick response of the organism to harmful stimuli such as parasites, damaged cells and other agents that cause irritation to the body manifested by dint of increase in body temperature, swelling, and function loss at the affected area.On the other hand, hypersensitivity refers to t he immune reaction of the body against an invading parasite or other pathogenic material. It is undesirable unlike

Lab report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lab Report ExampleThis provided input signal or output voltages of -10V to +10V.2. Connect the BNC cable, shown in Figure 2 below, to thermal resistor/Pressure EX J17 on the signal condition pizza box on the side of computer cart to the cart transducer user interface box BNC connector labeled Excitation.3. Capture the signal generated by the pressure transducer. Connect the Thermistor /Pressure output signal to J8 that has an SCC-FTO1 module that acquired the analog voltage and pass it into data acquisition System.2. The instrumental role had a linearity of 0 .1 0 0 6, hysteresis 0.0 0 8 0 and combination of 0. 1 0 0 6 as shown in the above table 2. Maximum amplitude be on the CRO was 0.9and minimum at 0. 1 at time 0.0 0 and 1. 0 m respectively as shown in figure 6 below.Some of the data obtained deviated due to change in the environment temperature affecting the pressure of the area. This was rectified by performing the experiment under controlled environment of controlled pres sure and

Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

Global Warming - sample ExampleThe earths atmosphere contains trace gases whose purpose is to prevent some of the heat of the cheer to escape into the atmosphere when it is reflected by the Earth. This helps maintaining a certain degree of acceptable temperature on the Earth. When these gases rise in concentration, they start absorbing suns heat which results in rise in temperature to an unacceptable degree. collectable to the rise in temperature, such(prenominal) of the living organisms are affected most of which die. The concentration of gases occurs, for example, by the disengage of gases bid CO2 in the atmosphere through natural processes and also by industries and factories that burn dodo fuels. Around the world, the Earths average temperature has risen more than 1 degree Fahrenheit (0.8 degrees Celsius) over the last century, and close to twice that in parts of the Arctic (National Geographic Society, para.2).Human beings are the most important stakeholders of world-wi de warming. They will have to understand that their communities are at stake due to abrupt rise in sea level, massive storms and hurricanes, and heat and cold waves. For example, the year 2007 brought worst floods in the history of many countries like Malaysia, UK, North Korea, and other African countries. Pakistan saw the worst flood in 2010 that took millions of lives and took the shelter of thousands of people. After forgiving beings, the next important stakeholders are the animals and plants. Hence, global warming is becoming a serious issue, according to 3,146 mood experts (CNN World).Businesses are the only stakeholders that will non make movements against the global arming issue so much so that they will even try to stop the decrease in global warming. This is because businesses tend to carry out such factories and industries that emit CO2 into the atmosphere and no business would want to end his business. But not all businesses work in this manner. For example, FedEx is s uch

Motivations of Managers in Small- and Large Firms Essay

Motivations of Managers in Small- and Large Firms - Essay ExampleIn the paper, the importance and major differences between small- and large-scale businesses such as in the case of the multinational corporations (MNCs) and the transnational corporations (TNCs) will be thoroughly discussed. In the process of deviation through the discussion, the differences between the ownership, goals, and business organization including the business activity of small- and large-scale businesses external environments will be compared and contrast. Whether a company is small- or large-scale, the main purpose of establishing a business is to earn large shopping mall of profit. Earning profit is not solely dependent on increasing the companys annual gross sales the ability of the manager to maximize the use of its existing resources also contributes a lot when it comes to increasing the centre of profit a company can generate each year. Aside from the major differences between the bodily structure of small firms and large multinational companies, it is a common knowledge that large-scale businesses are fit to acquire bigger credit line from banks as compared to small-scale businesses. Since small-scale businesses have limited pecuniary resources that can be used in operating the business. For this reason, managers within small-scale companies are not to the full able to maximize the expediency of economies-of-scale. Large-scale businesses such as in the case of multinational corporations (MNCs) and the transnational corporations (TNCs) have the financial capacity to invest on highly competitive human resources and support employees requisite training and development aside from investment on newly innovated communication and production technology and the benefit of purchasing of raw materials by bulk.

Baroque Arts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Baroque Arts - Essay eventThe artistic styles adopted by Bernini and Poussin both show a huge number of differences that may be attributed to the divergent background of these two artists. Good examples of the respective arts by these two artists are The communion of Penance that displays a sinful woman requesting, fleck on her knees, for supplication, and The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa that shows Teresas tone with an angels embodiment. These are examples of unearthly paintings that show a wide disparity in remains of art used by these two artists who graced the world of art at an almost same time.Priorities while Bernini was of Italian origin-a stronghold for the Catholic Church, Poussin hailed from France. As such, Berninis artistic displays were mainly centered on religious beliefs. His subject matter was majorly focused towards bringing out a religious theme. His executed works, in smorgasbord of paintings and sculptures, were as well showed a major interest in myths of homo phile, and in general societal existence. Bernini considered wholeheartedness in creating his sculptures and aimed at inviting the viewers to form a part of the scene that was being displayed. Energy and a sense of motion always formed a part of his paintings and sculptures as these were a part of human existence. The figures created by Bernini occasionally possessed a strain of muscle, a flow of hair, swirling motions among others and were always constructed in a diagonal format to emphasize to the audience the essence of movement in the society.

Vertical Road Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Vertical Road - Essay ExampleAkram got support from choregraphers , saphad and danceXchange and this made himdo more collaboration,understands the power o his art and support from other performers. Akram with his confederacy of three got several sponsors like Yorkshire dance, Xchange amoung others and the group thrive and went beforehand to win awards at their debut in major events. The group attracted many dances and later their were recruitment of dancers in Akram khan company . the group consist of Europe cultural diversities,backround and eventually there were merging to oppose a single team which even made the group more interesting in price of presentation and almalgamation of different dancing styles. He collaborate with other artitists like Sylvie guillem,Juliet Binoche,Anishkapoor for half a ten-spot and he came to like his homeland culture to perform as a solo artiste back at his homeland.Throughtout his work ,Akram work hand in hand several designers, music producers, writers to ensure the success of his nice work, them include award winning lighting designer Michael Hulls and the music producer Nitin Sawhney in performing the perpendicular road danceVertical road is a spiritual performance based on rumi . The performances has enable diverse cultures and traditions to be as if its one community dance with no boundaries. The dance is a company of eight, it is a meditation on spirituality, on the difficulty of pursuing the vertical road towards truth and wisdom when engrossed and in thrall to the horizontal path of contemporary life.The play vertical road starts by one single dancer at the back o the stuff like membrane move ripples all over from left to right and so on.The other seven dancers were lying down infront of the cloth with great expectation and after some short moment the ripples was intense to break the

Online Integrated Marketing Communication Essay Example for Free

Online Integrated Marketing Communication EssayIntegrated marketing dialogue the evolution of a concept The IMC approach has received almost instant recognition at the end of the 1990s, as a result of the existing trends to reduce the budget allocated to mass advertising campaigns and to concentrate on segmented or personalised communion with final consumers. The increased fragmentation of media and customers, as well as the revolution introduced in mass communication by the crude communication channels profits and mobile communication technologies has created the consider for a new approach to marketing communication, that fag insure centralised management and a consonance of corporate messages sent towards various sense of hearings. The concept of IMC was defined in many different, often contradictory, ways Pickton and Broderick (2001) take in that synergy is the principal benefit of bringing together the various facets of marketing communications in a mutually supp ortive way.Definition proposed by Keegan et al. (1992, p. 631) Integrated marketing communications is the strategic co-ordination of all messages and media employ by an government activity to collectively influence its perceived brand value. At the heart of this definition is the speculation that the credibility and value of both the company and its brand(s) will increase, when messages transmitted to various audiences become consistent across time and targets. A nonher definition proposed by Duncan (2002, p. 8) demonstrates the current conceptual perception of IMC A cross-functional process for creating and sustain profitable relationships with customers and other stakeholders by strategically controlling or influencing all messages sent to these groups and encouraging data-driven, businesslike dialogue with them.The notion of stakeholders implies the shift in the IMC concept from customer target audiences to the inclusion of key stakeholder groups such(prenominal) as employe es, investors, suppliers, distributors, media and the social community.The most significant organisation barriers for the implementation of the IMC concept * lack of horizontal communication * functional specialisation * decentralisation * lack of IMC planning and expertise * lack of budget * lack of database engineering * corporate culture and * fear of change.The impact of the internet technology on marketing communication The fast development of the internet in the last ten years has changed the classical communication procedures (Blattberg and Deighton, 1991 Holtz, 1999), because of three limited and co-existent characteristics that differentiate it from any other communication channel * Interactivity. The internet offers multiple possibilities of interactive communication, acting not only as an interface, but also as a communication agent (allowing a have interaction between individuals and software applications). The traditional communication channel was uni-directional, Ev en when communication was considered a nonpartisan process, the institutions had the resources to send information to audiences through a very wide pipeline, while the audiences had only a minor pipeline for communicating back.Now, the communication channel is a network, not a pipeline. Communicators have grasped and even embraced this new proximity, fact demonstrated by the vast number of meshwork sites which display Contact Us buttons and links. However, in most of the cases, these new facilities are not fully used. * Transparency. The information published online can be accessed and viewed by any internet user, unless this information is preciseally protected. * Memory. The weather vane is a channel not only for transfer information, but also for storing information in other words, information published on the web stay in the depot of the network until it is erased.The new realities of how audiences get and use information * The audience is connected to the organisations * The audience is connected to one another * The audience has access to other information * Audiences pull information (info has to be available where audiences can find it, and it must be customizable) Today, we get messages from multiple media channels email, voice mail, faxes, pagers, kiosk phones, interoffice memos, overnight courier packages, television (with hundreds of channels), radio, internet radio, etc. As a result, the media that used to provide an effective channel of communication for practitioners have become now only noise that most of the audiences have intimate to filter outDifferent definitions of IMC Some retail organisations track the interaction between the online user and their web site the time spent by a client on a specific web page can represent an indication of his/her present interest. We use the results provided by our online behaviour bring in system to create personalised promotions targeted to individual customers.The meaning is not simply trans mitted, but has to be negotiated on an individual basis with all(prenominal) online audience. The message needs to be adapted to the specific level of understanding and interpretation of each public, but, on the other hand, has to express the same core organisational values, in order to display a pellucid organisational imageIf the company attempts to reach foreign audiences, the message needs to be adapted to the cultural specificity of the overseas public. This raises important questions regarding the possibility of combine online marketing communication in the global context we often transmit with customers from various cultural and economic backgrounds. In these conditions we must apply a clear segmentation and pose strategy, in order to match the needs of every cultural group with our marketing messages.The specific characteristics of the internet therefore create two conflicting tendencies (1) the fragmentation of audiences and communication contexts requires the custom isation of online marketing messages but (2) the interactivity, transparency and memory of the web necessitates the accordance of communication and the coherence of the transmitted meaningBelow figure presents the place of integrated online marketing communication in the online CRM process of the firm. The customer data/feed-back collected online is used directly to burst design and implement the online integrated marketing communication, which are then targeting selected online audiences. Correctly implemented, the IMC program is a unvarying cycle of gathering data and implementing response-generating marketing communication which is based on previously gathered consumer data.the specific characteristics of the internet are making the implementation of integrated online marketing communication both inevitable and cost-effective for an online organisation. The transparency, interactivity and memory of the internet force the organisation to adopt a proactive-reactive attitude in online communication, and to combine consistency and continuity with flexibility and customisation. These characteristics can be integrated by designing and implementing a specific illustration of integrated online marketing communication.The use of advanced online applications to collect customer data and feed-back information is paramount for the achiever of the online communication campaign (OMalley and Mitussis, 2002). Because of the high interactivity of the internet, the communication process has become a real-time dialogue.Important issues germane(predicate) for the implementation of integrated online marketing communication have not been addressed because of space and methodology limitations. These areas can represent the subject of future research projects investigating the management process of integrated online marketing communication the criteria used for selecting and combing various channels in the online communication mix the relation between the organisation and w eb advertising agencies or the challenges raised by the general integration and co-ordination of online and offline (traditional) communication.

Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet EssayHow does the opening motion picture of Romeo and Juliet grab the audiences attention? How does Shakespe ar organize us for what happens in the rest of the play? Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeares most famous romantic tragedies, which was written in 1599. This bosh of romance and hatred starts with a dramatic primary stroke of the opposing families. These instances are shown in the first scene, focusing on the way Shakespeare captures the audiences attention and how he created this action packed, tense first scene to prepare us for the rest of the play. Shakespeares shape 1 Scene 1 sees twain barbaric characters enroll gird with s develops and bucklers which are publicly seen in their possession. In the society of that conviction, this would have been common and the audience would non think it strange whereas the society of today would find this threatening, as well as illegal. This gives us an impression of what the race and the society w as like 400 geezerhood ago. These 2 fiery characters are Capulet servants called Sampson and Gregory who start the first scene off with humour Well not carry coals Sampson.No, for and then we should be colliers Gregory. This would have been funny in Shakespearean times as Gregory is contradicting what Sampson has said, and is taking him literally to make light of the situation. Shakespeares audience would have mute the reference whereas a modern audience would see the implication differently and the joke wouldnt be understood, as the Shakespearean voice communication is not commonly surviven these days. Shakespeare uses versed references towards the Montague household and Sampson comments that he is a much or slight piece of flesh. This sexual reference would have been amusing to the Shakespearean audience, and even though we do not fully understand the comment, we would still pick up what he is implying. We still have amusing sexual references in plays and films today which show how the society then and the society now use sexual comments in their scripts to create humour. This humour helps to capture the audiences attention. These devil characters help start off the first scene as they help us to realise the anger and hatred betwixt the ii families, and prepare us for what we promise will be more battle and fervour subsequently on in the play.The next two characters to enter are Montague servants called Abram and Balthasar. Sampson and Gregory are clearly angered by their arrival, and comment that they will bite their riffle at them. This action was an insult in Shakespearean times, and would have been taken in an offensive way. The two Montague servants pop out quarrelling with the Capulets, and they begin provoking each otherwise Do you bite your thumb at us sir? Abram No, sir, I do not bite my thumb at you Sampson Later on in Act 1 they continue Do you quarrel sir? Gregory Quarrel, sir? No sir. Abram.As the provocation warms up, and the two opposing families begin to get angrier, the curtilage of the play quickens. Modern audiences may not have understood the insult of savage thumbs, nevertheless we would feel the tension that was building up on stage between the Montagues and the Capulets, and would see that the characters are very much alike in the fact that they detest the other family and use aggressive phrase to try and provoke each other. These two characters are added to make the plot more interesting, although they do not show the anger they have for the Capulets as much as the Capulets show us their hatred for the Montagues. order of this is that Sampson and Gregory in Act 1 Scene 1 lambast close to how they will inflict annoying and violence on the Monatagues if they come across one A dog of the house of Montague journeys me. The bickering between these four characters adds tension and excitement to the first scene of the play, and helps move the scene along. The next character to ente r is Benvolio and he is clearly angered by the fighting that has occurred between the two families. He beats bundle their swords saying put up your swords you know not what you do. We can already see a macroscopical contrast between Benvolio and the other four characters Benvolio is a peacemaker who wishes for the family feud to end, whereas the others provoke each other into a fight, quarrel and hold hatred for each other. Tybalt then enters, angry and fired up oer the Montague presence. He speaks of how he hates the word peace as he hates hell, all Montagues and thee. We begin to bunco that Tybalt is a very angry and aggressive character that would love to get his own revenge on the Montague household.Although the language is still written and spoken as if in Shakespearean times, we would still feel the tension and pace quickening, and understand the mortalalities of the different characters. Shakespeare has given Benvolio and Tybalt different tones of language Tybalts is str ong, aggressive and angry whereas Benvolios is a little less strong and is more polite when talking. These two characters, I feel, are created by Shakespeare to add tension and excitement to the play, and prepare us for more action packed scenes with the two characters subsequently on.The contrast between these two characters would grab the audiences attention and leave us wondering what will happen between these two subsequently on in the play. This fighting leads to several citizens (which are split between the Monatgues and the Capulets) that next enter the scene. A big fight ensues between the two families, and the citizens get involved. This would make us (and the audience 400 years ago) very edgy and would add tension in the audience. These characters are added to show us the hatred that has construct between the Capulets and Montagues, and to show us that the anger and contempt between them goes as far as the citizens. watch this on stage would add fear and tension between the characters on stage and the audience, and Shakespeare would have added swords and angry colours to show the hatred. Capulet, Lady Capulet, Montague and Lady Montague enter and when seeing the upheaval of the fights go to join in. The Ladies of the two households try to calm them down but they are defiant Hold me not let me go. Montague This shows us that the women in the society of that time did not have any power or say oer their husbands, and is a factual part of the play that helps us understand what society was like 400 years ago.During these fights, our next character, Prince Escalus, enters. He immediately stops the fight and issues his last warning. If ever you disturb our streets again, your lives shall pay the precede of the peace. In Shakespearean times, there was no government to help rule the country it was the princes last word that everyone followed. Shakespeare uses this language as it is a clear and stern statement that easily makes the audience anticipated on what may happen further on in the play.This would add contrast to the play as we would know that we were to expect more fighting, but the Princes ultimatum would leave us wondering what was going to happen next, which would create more interest in the play and change our first thoughts of what we were to expect as we think that Shakespeare will fuck off more hatred and fighting between his characters to keep us interested. Shakespeare creates a very clear, polite but strong character here with an easy dialogue that audiences of today would easily understand. All the characters exit departure Montague, Lady Montague and Benvolio talking of what happened.In this part of the scene, Shakespeare shows us that not only is Benvolio a peacemaking character, but withal a truthful one that we can trust. This ensures us that whatever may happen subsequently on in the play, we can trust Benvolio to tell the truth. The language Shakespeare uses is clear and to the point, giving as much t oken as possible without giving to much away of what is to come later on in the play. They then start talking about Benvolios cousin, Romeo. This is when Shakespeare introduces his main, love struck character.We learn that Lady Montague is particularly caring about her son O where is Romeo? Right glad I am he was not at this fray. They talk of how he shuts up his windows, locks fair daylight out, and our first impressions of Romeo is that he is a very miserable, lonely person (not the person we originally think of when we hear his name). Shakespeare leaves us again confused of what may happen later on in the play as the name Romeo is synonymous with romance, but when we hear what Romeo is like, we are left(a) wondering if the play will be as it was first expected.Modern audiences would understand this part of the play, as the language is clear and understandable. The dialogues are introducing the contrast of hatred to love but at the same time it also stays informative and gives us our first impressions of Romeo. This part of the play is important as it helps move the scene along from the fighting earlier on, and informs us on our first of the main characters, Romeo. Our main character now enters and Shakespeares language tells us a lot of how Romeo is feeling Is the day so long? Ay me good-for-naught hours seem long. We learn that Romeo is an extremely depressed character who doesnt seem to be this romantic character (that we pretend from his name) we first imagined. Shakespeare keeps us wondering about why Romeo is depressed, giving Romeo small dialogues of little information. We later learn that Romeo is out of her favour where I am in love. This now tells us more of Romeos character and alternatively of what our first impressions were, we now feel that he is a soppy romantic who is in love with love.Romeo later talks in riddles as he states O heavy lightness O loving hate feather of lead This shows us how he feels confused over his feelings of love , and that he will feel no love like this. Again our impression is that he is very romantic and loves to be loved. This part of the scene from when Romeo enters prepares us for more romance and we feel that the romance and love will be the pee of the fighting later on in the play, which links to Prince Escalus warning.In conclusion, I feel that this first scene is booming in helping us predict but also wonder what will happen later on in the play. It prepares us for more fighting and for a romance that may be the cause of death, betrayal and hurt. Ive learnt of how inferior the women were 400 years ago, and how royalty ruled everything. Shakespeare has used the period that he lived in to create this play, and along with being an interesting love tale, it is in some ways factual as well. This play is very dramatic, tense and action-packed and I feel that this first scene starts the play off brilliantly.

Plastic Industry Essay Example for Free

Plastic industry EssayYes Plastic Industries Inc should enter the home mart because this market is new and untapped. Also it is 5 clock higher than their current market. However a thorough Market Research needs to conducted before accounting entry the home market which will be a reality check toits profitability.When entering the home market first of all the Company should try to create positive attitude on the general in the public eye(predicate) over thevisibility of the product sinceit is observed in the homemarket that the general public range of mountainsof plastic pipes isthat they areeasily breakable and would notlast as long as naturalized pipe. Hence in order to solve this specific challenge the company should perform image edifice work by convincing the middle man. One of the best ways to win the market is through convincing the middle man to take and display the product in the eye caching location on the retail shop.As a result of this the plastics industries Inc. Can create positive attitude regarding the product. Also the expediency that Plastics Inc. Can highlight to the public is the fact that the price of plastic pipe is less than the metal one, thereof the company can get acceptance in the home market through providing product at a lower price through penetration pricing strategy. The company can also develop a low initial price in order to penetrate the market quickly to root for a large number of buyers and win a large market share. Thus looking at the various positive sides for Plastics Inc. It should definitely try to enter the home market.

General Motors Essay Example for Free

habitual Motors Essay everyday Motors Company, known as GM, was founded in 1908 in Flint, Michigan by William C. Durant and Charles Stewart Mott. The present chairwoman and CEO is Daniel Akerson. Akerson joined GMs board in 2009 as the company went through a bankruptcy reorganization. He became CEO Sept. 1, 2010, and led GMs 2010 return to the stock market at the time the largest initial mankind religious offering in U.S. history (Detroit Free Press, 2013). The headquarters for GM is presently located in Detroit, Michigan. GM specializes in designing, manufacturing, marketing and distributing cars, trucks and vehicle parts. The brands under GM include Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, Cadillac, Baojun, Holden, Isuzu, Jie Fang, Opel, Vauxhall and Wuling. GM employs all over 200,000 people and has 396 facilities on sixsome continents. GM is divided into five business segments GM North the States, GM Europe, GM International Operations, GM South America and GM Financial. The two biggest markets for GM atomic number 18 the U.S. and China. According to Dan Akerson they continually do comfortably in both markets and are making further progress in their European business ( ecumenical Motors, 2013). In July, 2009, GM filed for bankruptcy. Later that year, GM emerged from a government backed Chapter 11 reorganization. Then in 2010 GM do an initial public offering (IPO) that was one of the worlds largest and benefactored them to return to making a profit later that year. An IPO is a type of public offering where shares of stock in a company are sold to the general public. Through this process GM, a unavowed company, became a public company. Because of the bankruptcy GM had to start from the beginning and figure out what caused them to go under preceding(prenominal)ly and what they unavoidable to do to be aim a top organization again. With the start of the new General Motors they were starting over so they created a new clearer vision and a new business model.As of 2012, GM was stratified among one of the worlds largest automakers. The companys total worldwide vehicle sales were 9.3 gazillion (The New YorkTimes, 2013). GMs net tax in the second quarter of 2013 was $39.1 billion up from $37.6 billion in the second quarter of 2012 (General Motors, 2013). Since their bankruptcy GM has been reporting record profits and has steadily climbed back up the ladder with customer satisfaction and productivity. Akerson said, So, here we are four years out of bankruptcy and weve made $25 billion (before taxes and interest). I think thats more than the companys ever made in a four-year goal (Detroit Free Press, 2013). The companys progress is indicative of a new business model that begins and ends with capital vehicles. GM leveraged their resources to maintain stringent cost management while taking advantage of growth and revenue opportunities around the world, to ultimately deliver sustainable results for all of their stakeholders (General Motors 2010 ). Being one of the biggest markets for GM, General Motors North America (GMNA) has been a key contributor in bringing in a profit for the whole organization. They shortly have 5,000 dealerships, 34 plants and employs over 68,000 people. The profits reported for GMNA for the second quarter was an adjusted EBIT of $1,976 zillion compared to $1,891 zillion for the identical period a year ago. Total net sales and revenue was $23,495 one million million million compared to $21,552 million for the same period a year ago. For the six months, the company reported adjusted EBIT of $3,390 million compared to $3,533 million for the same period year ago. Total net sales and revenue was $46,474 million compared to $44,727 million for the same period year ago (Bloomsburg Businessweek, 2013). The current president, Mark Reuss, of GMNA has recently revamped the organization. Attached is a copy of the previous organizational social system and the new structure. The old GMNA consisted of a vert ical structure which is a hierarchical structure with many levels of authority and the jobs were grouped by function into departments. They were divided into different independent automakers. Each independent automaker was operated differently and competing with each other. The competition among its own independent automakers and lack of centralization was costly. When they restructured after the bankruptcy, GMNA choose a flatter structure where accountability is key. The new structure is centralized and unified a police squad versus several individuals working towards common goals. With this structure GMNA is running in a more streamlined elan and its a more cost effective way of running there organization. GM has a diverse listing of employment opportunities.The positions range from engineering and manufacturing positions to Human Resources and Research positions. According to several employees, ult and present, GM provides great pay and hours. GM promotes employees to furthe r their education and training. The work environment was fun, friendly and equivalent working with family. Working in the plants many of the employees had to do shift work and heavy manual jade this didnt seem like a deterrent they still enjoyed the job and the coworkers. The environment appears to be slack when it comes to management and employee interaction. The CEO Akerson is a strong believer in management by walking around. everywhere hes been you see pictures of him with employees. Hes a reminder that management is a contact sport, Merten says (Detroit Free Press, 2013). The reviews were mostly all positive. The entirely negative things that seemed to keep popping up were the long hours and the stress to meet deadlines. GM has enlisted their customers and employees to send them ideas to help improve vehicles, sales, marketing, etc. and they act on the ones that will improve their ability to serve the customers better. GM has come a long way since 2009. With the reorganiza tion changes they have become quicker and more decisive so the customers needs are met and they are producing reliable vehicles. It seems like GM really is getting back into what they are best at building vehicles and serving their customers needs.ReferencesDetroit Free Press. (August 5, 2013). General Motors CEO Dan Akerson Shares clear 9 Leadership Lessons. Retrieved August 21, 2013. http//www.freep.com/article/20130805/BUSINESS0101/308050088/dan-akerson-GM-CEO-leadership-lessonsJones, Gareth R. George, Jennifer M. (2013). Essentials of Contemporary Management. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.General Motors. (July 25, 2013). Investors Earnings Releases. GM Reports Second fanny Net Income of $1.2 Billion. Retrieved August 21, 2013. http//www.gm.com/content/gmcom/home/company/investors/earning-releases.content_pages_news_emergency_news_072513-q2-earnings.contentgmcomhomecompanyinvestorsearning-releases.htmlGeneral Motors. (2010). General Motors Company 2010 Annual Report. Retrieve d August 21, 2013. http//www.gm.com/content/dam/gmcom/COMPANY/Investors/Corporate_Governance/PDFs/StockholderInformationPDFs/Annual-Report.pdfIndeed. (2013). GM Employer Reviews. Retrieved August 21, 2013. http//www.indeed.com/cmp/GM/reviews Bloomsburg Businessweek. (July 25, 2013). General Motors North America, Inc. Announces Earnings Results for the Second Quarter and Six Months Ended June 30, 2013. Retrieved on August 22, 2013. http//investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=24368349The New York Times. (August 21, 2013). General Motors. Retrieved August 21, 2013. http//topics.nytimes.com/top/news/business/companies/general_motors_corporation/index.html?offset=20s=newest

The Complete Works of William Shakespear Essay Example for Free

The Complete Works of William Shakespear EssayA disregard is an injury caused by excessive energy transferred to the body. There are four different kinds of burns. The get-go type of burn is a thermal burn. A thermal burn is caused by an external passionateness source that causes the temperature of the genuflect and tissue cells in the skin to rise which causes the cells to get damaged or die. caloric burns are usually caused by coming in contact with open flames, hot metals, or scalding liquids. The second type of burns are radiation burns. Radiation burns are be caused by extended exposure to radiation, such as Ultra-Violetradiation from the sun. The one-third type of burns are chemical substance burns. Chemical burns are caused by coming in contact with strong acids or alkalies. The weather type of burns are electrical burns. Electrical burns are burn from coming in contact with an electrical current.A abundant with the four types of burns, there are also three differen t classifications on the trains of the severity of the burn. The least severe train of burn is called a first-degree burn or a apparent(prenominal) burn. A first degree burn only affects the epidermis, theoutermost layer of skin. An example of a first-degree burn is a sun-burn.First degree burns do not usually convey any long term affects but sun-burns have been known to cause skin cancer. First-degree burns are very small an heal quite easily. In the area around the burn and undamaged skin cells in the basale, or deepest layer of the epidermis grow and bulge to spread out over wound until it is covered. A endocrine gland called epidermal growth factor causes the basale epidermal skin cells to multiply until the skin reaches it original thickness.The next level of burn is called a second degree burn or a partial thickness burn. abet degree burns involve the epidermis and the dermis, the layer under the epidermis. The burn will be red, blistered and may be swollen. Second de gree burns are painful and may cause shekelsring. The worst level of burns is a third-degree burn. Third degree burns destroy both the epidermis and dermis and may even damage muscles, tendons, or bones under the dermis. The wound will appear white or charred. The victim will feel no pain because all of the nerve endings have been destroyed.Second and third degree burns have a much more complex way of healing. The healing assist has four stages. The first is the inflammatory phase in which the blood clots and the wound gets inflamed to kill by microbes, foreign objects and dead skin. The next stage is the migratory phase in which the wound begins to puke. The cells around the informer begin to migrate under the scab to cover the wound. In third-degree burns skin cells need to be implanted to start cell growth. Also in this stage blood vessels and scar tissue begin to grow.The next stage is theproliferative phase in which epidermal cells begin to grow rapidly under the scab and blood vessels continue to grow. The final stage is the maturation stage in which the scab falls cancelled after the skin under the scab have grown to its original thickness. The process in which scar tissue is formed is called fibrosis. Scar tissue has fewer blood vessels than regular skin and will have a different structure than regular skin. Scar tissue is usually lighter than your normal skin because of the lack of blood vesselsMore scar tissue is needed in more severe wounds.

Movie ticket pricing Essay Example for Free

Movie ticket toll testifyHo utilisehold behavior forms an interesting area of study for economists given that the human aspect involved in making of economic decisions by a household vary a lot depending on the lore of a commodity or service in the market. This is done in the view of gaining a veritable take aim of utility still known to the consumer. One such area that has attracted scrutiny is the consumption and pricing of flick tickets and goods sold in the moving picture theaters. An member by Jennifer McNulty titled Concessions on Movie tag Pricing? details the tricks present in the pricing of depiction tickets and proceedss such as popcorn crisps and daft drinks sold in the movie theaters. This paper critically analyses this article and discusses the economic sense in the article plus a reflection on the whole issue. Article review In this article the generator is worried about the high up charges of popcorn in movie theaters than in ordinary shopping outle ts.This she poses as the introductory question in the article asking why does popcorn cost so untold at the movies? She notes that despite the high prices, movie goers are always entrusting to pay the high prices charged for the popcorn as evidenced by all the people standing in line delay to buy popcorn, soft drinks, and squeeze outdy. The author notifies us of the findings of a research by Stanford and the University of California, Santa Cruz that reveals the trick behindhand this intellect.The findings show that charging dispiriteder prices for primary products in this upshot movie tickets and charging higher prices for secondary products in this case popcorn, beverages, peanuts etc drives the customer into seeing the bargain in the primary product and not the overcharging in the secondary product. This will always keep demand for both high courtesy of low price tickets. The author enunciates If you emergency to bring more consumers into the market, you need to keep ti cket prices lower to attract them.Products sold in movie theaters are charged on grant basis in that there is an added price on the product as a commission to the vendor. They account a lot in term of revenue for movie theaters as Jennifer says that movie exhibition houses rely on yielding barters to keep their businesses viable. The idea according to Jennifer is that movie theaters transfer some movie charges to the concession goods. This then increases demand for movie tickets and revenues high but profits low.From the article we see that Although concessions account for only about 20 percent of consummate(a) revenues, they represent some 40 percent of theaters profits. Therefore it would seem that it is better to charge low prices for tickets so as movie consumers are made to believe that they have saved some sum up on which they can spend on the concession goods. Unfortunately, this is just an illusion as the moviegoer ends consumption more. Economic analysis of the artic le The movie theaters have hinged their business sense on the demand duck soup in response to price changes.They have noted that a proportionate increase in the price of movie tickets leads to a more than proportionate drop in demand of movie tickets. Therefore we would say that demand for movie tickets is perfectly elastic to price changes. On the other hand, demand for concession goods is not affected, as per the article by change in prices thus perfectly inelastic. Nevertheless, we would normally expect perfect some degree of elasticity when prices are increased to inconsiderate levels.This would probably force moviegoers to carry along products that they could have otherwise bought at the theater. From another economic perspective, we can say that there is a level of complementarity between the movie tickets and the concession goods though it is one sided. This is because of the fact that concession goods will and can only be consumed after purchasing a movie ticket. However, o ne can consume a get/consume a movie ticket without necessarily having to purchase any of the concession goods on sale in the theater.For fully complementary goods, it is impossible to consume one good in the absence of the other. In such cases, the price and demand of one affects the other. In the case of movie tickets and concession goods, the demand for movie tickets leads to a considerable increase in the demand for the more profitable concession goods. Unfortunately, demand for concession goods does not in any way affect the demand for movie tickets as a consumer can make use of the movie ticket alone without the concession good. ReflectionConsumption of leisure hours by households do not usually follow economic principles witnessed in other goods and services. Households attach levels of utility on leisure hours as determined by fashion trends and culture. The idea of purchasing and consuming goods such as popcorns and peanuts in the movie theaters is something that has been nurtured by todays generation and fashion. This is what is demonstrated in the article in that there is no economic sense that can link any complementing aspect between concession goods and movie tickets but just a creation of our society.It is thus the movie theaters that have capitalized on this illusion to gain profits. I would personally think that the movie theaters have succeeded in making the best use an economic opportunity and are creating and inducing demand for otherwise low selling products in the represent of concession goods. Therefore, the article plays its purpose of informing the moviegoers of where they cheated. In economic sense, the paper shows the power of elasticity in action.

Someone Special Essay Example for Free

Someone Special EssayThose who truly know us for who we really are are the people that have the most influence in our lives, such as our parents. In my case it is my mother who has greatly impacted my keep. She has stood beside me through thick and thin. I know that as long as she is here on this earth, she will stand beside me to love and support me unconditionally as she has done all these years. It is because of her that I am the person I am today. Behind my choices, character, my values, and behind me, proudly stands my mother.All throughout my childhood I have been closer to my mom than I am to my father. She has been an frightsome friend to me, but an even better parental figure. Laying down the rules for me and establishing boundaries when needed. It is the love and respect I have for my mother that I am cautious of the choices I make. I cherish her approval and fear of her disappointment. I feel confident that all the life lesions she has taught me and the advice she gives me, will continue to shape my standards and values in life.My mother raised my brother and I the way my grandmother raised her. I have been taught that honesty, integrity, tricky extend, and respect should be constituted into daily living, and to get what we want in life, we have to earn it. designate moreWho is your admired person essayAlthough I wasnt brought up in a life of splendor, I acknowledge that I live a comfortable lifestyle due to the hard work and effort my mother put into her life. Her perseverance is an example I want to follow. Coming from a walloping family with very little education and financial resources, she moved away from home with one goal in mind, and that was to make a better way of life for us. And that she did. With that, she was able to provide my brother and I the luxuries that others didnt have. For that I am extremely grateful for.Now that I am old enough to agnize that my mother was able to overcome adversity, and accomplish everything she has, inspires my every day to make myself a better person. I greatly admire her strength and strong will, and I am extremely proud to be her son. And in my mothers words, one of her favorite quotes is we only get one chance to live our lives, so it is up to us to take what we have and move forward in life. Our future is not localize in stone we create the path of our own destiny.

Competitive Strategy Essay Example for Free

Competitive outline EssaySuccessful and unprofitable strategies shape a companys destiny R.A. Burgelman, dodging is Destiny Competitive Strategy is the superior dodging used by the house to give its p bentage goals, and in peculiar(a), profitability, in the face of argument. We get a line free-enterprise(a) scheme within the over wholly context of engineering science pie-eyeds, which operate within a supposed industry, e.g., the figurer industry, the consumer electronic industry, the cellular ph maven industry. Each industry, ideally, serves a food commercialize, which denotes the buyers or customers of the proceedss and services offered by the industry. The decease of dodge, which has a time horizon of years, is, in general, to set the long-term direction or position of the firm, for casing define the engine room, product, or service that the firm intends to develop, and determine the intended mart for the product or service. The escape of planning, wh ich, in general, has a time horizon of several months to years, is to translate long-term scheme into medium-term activities, e.g., the portfolio of projects that the firm should be amaze the time-phased planning of these projects, and resource allocation. The function of operations, which has the time-horizon of days to months, is, in general, to translate medium-term planning activities into short-term product design, development, and sales talk activities such as prototyping, manufacturing, product release, and shipment. No company can fol pocket-size-t matchlessd only one outline. For example, Johnson Johnson uses one merchandise scheme for its common product such as BAND-AID Johnsons baby products and different market strategy for its High Tech healthcare products such as Vicryl Plus, antibacterial surgical sutures or NeuFlex palpate joint implants. There are several different types of strategy, including agonistic strategy, technology strategy, product market str ategy, pecuniary strategy, and depict-chain strategy. For a technology company to be successful all these strategies deprivation to be ordained with for from each one one other, and with the task goals of the firm. Competitive strategy, is the highest take of strategy in the firm, and is intimately related to the mission and vision of the firm and also to setting the direction for all the other strategies in the firm. There are several schools of strategy formation design, planning, positioning (Mintzberg, 1998). We focus on ii of the essence(p) schools or frameworks for strategy- being or strategy-making that are in particular of import for high-technologycompanies.The first framework is the so-called positioning cost due to hall porter ( ostiary, 1980), In this flak strategy is viewed as taking a generic position in a combative market and which views strategy-making as an analytic go performed at the industry-market geomorphological level (Porter, 1980) and the yielding dynamics between operational groups of players (e.g., competitors, suppliers) in the industry. The second framework analyzes strategy-making at the industry-level, company level, and intra-company level using underdevelopedary organization theory (Burgelman 2002). In this evolutionary organizational theory approach, each company is an organizational ecology within which strategy emerges by dint of twain basic mechanisms, external filling and internal selection. When companies start, because they are bare-ass and small the external selection mechanism dominates. As a company grows in size and becomes more established, internal selection plays an important manipulation. Based on evolutionary organization theory, views strategy-making as an evolutionary process performed at 3 levels industry-company level, company-level, and intra-company level. When these two frameworks are combined, an integrated approach to militant strategy emerges from industry-market level all t he way to intra-company level. A curious aspect of creating hawkish strategy for a company, and in particular, a high-technology company, is that the time-scales for the evolution of markets, industries, and technologies are, in general, much shorter (quicker) compared to other industries. Therefore, the strategy frameworks of the positioning school needs to be augmented with available symbolises (Clark and Wheelwright, 1993), which capture the evolution of the market, industry, and technology relevant to the company, and which can then be used to create strategy. The objectives of this chapter are as follows1. name the positioning framework for the creation of competitive strategy. 2. Provide an integrated competitive strategy process which is efficacious in appendage competitive strategy in a technology company. 3. Demonstrate the application of the process of competitive strategy The objective of technology strategy (Clark and Wheelwright, 1993) is to guide the technolo gy company in developing, acquiring, and applying technology for competitive advantage. An important part of technologystrategy is the definition of technical capabilities (e.g., advanced device design, rapid prototyping, automated assembly) that offer competitive advantage. The objective of product/market strategy is to cl archeozoic establish the following define what differentiates the product from its competitors identify market segments for the product, the customer needs of these segments, and the corresponding products (i.e., product lines) that will be offered to these segments etc. An important outcome of product/market strategy is to define the product road affair, including sales volume and price, necessary to realize the business goals.However, in the rapidly evolving industry and market landscape of high-technology, competitive strategy, in turn, depends on ternion levels of strategy-making as follows (Burgelman, 2002) 1. Industry-company level. At this level the firm must determine its strategic position, its effect competencies, and its strategic action. 2. society level At this level strategy-making involves bring forth strategy and autonomous strategy. 3. Intra-company level At this the internal level autonomous strategy is created. In successful companies, it is the tight coupling of strategy these three levels of strategy-making with the highest-level (i.e., industry-market level) competitive strategy that, results in successful strategic action where what the company actually does, e.g., the product lines it develops and markets, results in the realization of its business goals. It is also utile to mention two other strategies that are closely related to competitive strategy. monetary strategy includes issues such as capital budgeting and portfolio management, i.e., deciding on which technology and product development projects to broth in hostel to maximize the cumulative expected profit. Another important and related strategy is s upply chain strategy (Chopra), which specifies the service, distribution, and operations functions, performed any in-house or outsourced, that the company should do well in order to successfully realize its intended competitive strategy.The Positioning FrameworkWe first present a historic overview of the positioning or analytic school of strategy. Then, we develop the quin rips framework (Porter, 1980) andthe approach to creation of competitive strategy that is closely related to the volt passs framework. We will use the personal computing device industry to expound the approach. The positioning school of strategy which emerges from the competitive school is based on the following assumptions (Mintzberg, 1998) the marketplace is competitive strategy is a generic position in the marketplace strategy formation is the selection of a generic position based on synopsis. The underlying assumption is that industry or market twist drives position which drives the organizational str ucture of the firm. Matrices like the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) introduced two techniques the development-share intercellular substance, and the experience curve.The growth-share matrix for a firm, genuine in the archeozoic 1970s, is a 22 matrix with growth on one dimension, and market share along the other dimension. Each of these variables can take two values, high or low resulting in a 22 matrix. Therefore, the product portfolio of a firm can be decomposed into four combinations of growth and market share, each with a well delineate meaning (High growth, high market share) or stars, (high growth, low share) or question marks, (slow growth, high share) or specie cows, and (slow growth, low share) or dogs. The approach to strategy using this matrix would be to have a portfolio balanced mainly between cash cows (the stable business of the firm, e.g., MAC computers in the case of Apple) and stars (e.g., the iPod, in the case of Apple). The experience curve, developed in 1965 -66, is based on the idea that accumulated experience by a firm influences cost and prices. The claim for the experience curve was that for each cumulative doubling of experience, total costs would decline nearly 20% to 30% because of economies of scale, organizational learning, and technical innovation (Ghemawat, 1999). In 1971, the consulting firm McKinsey came up with the GE/McKinsey nine-block matrix called the Industry Attractiveness- disdain Strength matrix (Ghemawat, 1999), which plotted business dominance High, Medium, upset along one axis, and industry seduceive phalanx High, Medium, Low along the other axis. The basic idea was to divide the company into strategic business units (SBUs), and then give way off the appropriate strategic recommendations for each SBU depending on its location in the matrix.TheFive rams Framework and Competitive StrategyIn this framework there are two high-level comprises in the creation of competitive strategy, each stage corresponding to a high-level determinant of profitability mentioned in the previous section. The first stage is the esteemment of the attractiveness of the industry in which a given company is embedded based on a structural analysis of the industry. In this stage, called the tailfin forces framework, five forces that influence industry attractiveness are identified, as well as the factors (e.g., number of competitors, size of competitors, capital requirements) that determine the transport of each force and therefore the cumulative persuasiveness of the five forces. The purpose of the five forces framework is to relate the degree (or intensity) of competition in a given industry, as qualitatively measured by the combined strength (or intensity) of five forces, to the attractiveness of the industry, defined as its ability to sustain profitability. Based on the structural analysis, a particular company may be in a very attractive industry (e.g., pharmaceuticals) or in an unattractive industry (e.g., nerve). However, though a firm exists in an unattractive industry, it can still be highly profitable by choosing the proper competitive position within the industry, for example, e.g., a mini-mill such as Nucor in the steel industry in the nineteen-eighties (Ghemawat). The second stage of strategy creation addresses the competitive strategy available to the firm in order to achieve a unwavering competitive position. Ideally, a firm would want to be in a very attractive industry (e.g., pharmaceuticals) and have a strong competitive position (e.g., large pharmaceutical firms such as Smith Klein or Glaxo) within the industry. The five forces framework for the structural analysis of an industry is as follows. First, we define the following terms used in the structural analysis of the industry industry, market, competitors, new entrants, substitutes, buyers, and sellers. The term industry denotes (1) the manufacturers (or producers) and (2) the suppliers of a primary product or service, as well as (3) the manufacturers of alternate(a) products and services that could serve as a substitute.For example, the (conventional) personal computer (PC) industry would include PC manufacturers like Dell and Apple, suppliers of semiconductor device chips like Intel and Micron, suppliers ofdisc drives like Seagate, suppliers of software such as Microsoft, etc. Substitute products could be pen-based tablet PCs or small hand-held personal digital assistants (PDAs). In the five forces framework described below, manufacturers and producers will designated as (1) competitors in the industry if they already have established products, or (2) new-entrants if they are trying to enter the industry, or (3) substitutes, if they provide alternative (substitute) products. The term market denotes the buyers (or customers) of the product or service. For example, the market for PCs would include enterprises and individual consumers. The analytical process of strategy analysis and crea tion can be decomposed into the following five steps. 1. Create a symbolize of the industry in which the technology company is embedded. There are five key sets of players that constitute the business landscape competitors, new entrants, substitutes, suppliers, and buyers. hear key players (companies) for each industry. 2. Perform a five forces analysis of the industry structure. The five forces that influence the intensity of competition in a particular industry, and therefore the profitability of the firms within the industry Force 1 the degree of rivalry (or competition) between the competitors Force 2 the threat of new entrants (or the inverse of this force, the barrier to entry) Force 3 the threat of substitutes Force 4 purchaser Power (to demand lower prices) Force 5 Supplier Power (to increase material prices). For each force, determine the key structural determinants which affect the intensity of the force. Porter and Ghemawat provide a detailed set of the determinants fo r each force, some of which are given in the table below. In the last editorial of this table we indicate plausible values of each force for the PC industry in the nineteen nineties.Table 1 Force Key Determinants Strength of the force Rivalry between competitors Concentration (number) and size of Medium to high competitors Fixed costs/value added shuffling indentity Barrier to entry Economies of scale Medium to high Brand identity Capital requirements Threat of substitutes expenditure/Performance of substitutes Low to medium Switching costs Buyer Power Buyer concentration Buyer size (volume) Medium to high Switching costs Supplier Power Supplier concentration Low to medium Supplier size (volume) Switching costs In theory, one would, qualitatively determine the strength of each force, as indicated in the third column of the above table, and then determine the cumulative or combined intensity of the five forces. The collective intensity or strength of the forces will determine the structural strength of the industry, as characterized by attractiveness, or the profit potential of the industry. The profit potential is measured by the long term return on invested capital (ROIC). If the collective strength of the forces is high, as in the steel industry, then the corresponding profit potential or attractiveness is low, and vice-versa. At one extreme of this analysis is the perfectly competitive free market, where there are numerous firms alloffering very similar products that cannot be identify (therefore, the force of rivalry is high), entry is free (therefore, the threat of two new entrants and substitutes is high), and bargaining power of both suppliers and buyers is low.Using the PC industry of the 1990s as an example, the qualitative values of the forces sh possess in the last column of the above table would lead one to conclude that the cumulative strength of the five forces was medium to high, and therefore the attractiv eness of the industry, i.e., its profitability, was medium to low. The PC industry in the nineteen-nineties would therefore not be attractive to new entrants, and in fact, in the early 2000s, HPs computer business was unprofitable, and IBM sold its computer business to Lenovo. (It is important to note that HPs unprofitability in computer business in the early 2000s cannot be attributed solely to industry attractiveness being low, but is also due to issues associated with its acquisition of the computer company Compaq.) 3. Select a competitive positioning strategy The basic premise of Porter and anteroom was that for a firm to be successful (in a market) it had to compete based on one of two sources of competitive advantage cost, i.e., by providing low cost products, or differentiation, i.e., by differentiating its products from its competitors with respect to quality and performance.Porter also proposed that a firm needs to select its strategic target either offering a product to t he entire market (market-wide), or offering a product for a particular market segment. Using these two dimensions (source of competitive advantage, and strategic target), Porter proposed the following three generic competitive strategies 1. be Leadership offering the lowest costs products to the entire market 2. Differentiated offering highly unique products (as perceived by the customer) to the entire market 3. Focus offering products which serve the needs of a street corner segment of the market Porters claim is that for a company to be successful in the industry in which it operates it must choose between one of the three generic strategies cost leadership, differentiated, and focus. If one uses the personal computer industry in the US during the 1990s as an example, then the competitive strategies of the study players was as follows Dell was the low-cost leader HP had a differentiated strategy with high-quality products Apple had a focus strategy, targeting a narrow marketseg ment of users who whom the user-experience (look, feel, and graphical user interfaces) were extremely important and IBM had a mixed strategy. 4. affiliation competitive strategy to strategic planning (Ghemawat 1999) In order for a company to derive competitive advantage (or position) within its industry, the company needs to maximize, relative to it competitors, the difference between the buyers willingness to pay and the costs incurred in delivering the product to the buyer. Therefore, the next step in the competitive analysis is for the company to bond competitive strategy to strategic planning by analyzing all the activities involved in differentiation and cost, and, to this end, a value chain (Porter, 1985) is an extremely important tool.According to Porter, the value chain disaggregates a firm into its strategically relevant activities in order to understand the behavior of costs and the existing and potential sources of differentiation. A three step process for using these a ctivities, first to analyze costs, then to analyze buyers willingness to pay, and in the end to explore different strategic planning options to maximize the difference between willingness to pay and cost, is developed in (Ghemawat, 1999). 5. Competitive strategy needs to evolve, especially in a high-technology company where markets, industries, and technologies, are changing relatively rapidly. A good example of the evolution of competitive strategy is IBMs strategic decisions to evolve from a product-based company in the early nineties to a services-led company at the present time. In the early nineties, when the company was in trouble, IBM closely examined its business model and strategic direction, and decided to stay whole by moving its focus from products and hardware to solutions. One result of this strategic shift was the creation of IBM Global work in the mid-nineties. By the late-nineties the company moved into e-business solutions, and extended this model in the 2000s t o business-on-demand. One result of these shifts in strategy was IBMs decision to exit the Personal Computer Market by selling its PC business to Lenovo.Functional MapsA functional map essentially is a time-based evolutionary map of a key metric for an important organizational function, e.g., a product performance metric map for the engineering function in a technology firm, e.g., the well-known Moores Law in the semiconductor industry. Since the time-scales for the evolution of markets, industries and technologies for technology companies, especially high-tech companies, is short compared to other industries, the creation of the appropriate functional maps is critical to strategy formation in a technology company. As an example, in the relatively short suspender of four decades, information technology evolved from mainframes through workstations, servers and personal computers to internet-based and mobile computing. An important feature of our approach to developing competitive strategy in a technology firm is the integrated approach to strategy for a technology company, which relates company strategy to the companys business goals, business strategy, technology strategy, and product marketing strategy. Since, markets, industries, technologies, and products for a technology company are continually evolving, an important concept that plays a vital role in the creation of strategy, and, in particular, competitive strategy, is the functional map (Clark and Wheelwright, 1993).Here are some useful dimensions along which to create functional maps for strategy creation a) Evolution of the industry in which the enterprise operates ( mixed bags in technology, customer needs, competitive landscape, etc.) b) Evolution of strategy business, technology, and market of the enterprise c) Evolution of technology (including manufacturing), product platforms, and product lines of the enterprise. The processes used for technology, product, and process development within the enterprise. d) Growth (or decline) of the enterprise with respect to of market share, revenues, costs, profits, etc. e) organizational structure of the enterprisef) Key decisions made at different stages in the life of enterprise, and the drivers for these decisions g) The interconnections and relationships between all the above dimensions A multi-dimensional functional map for Intel is given in the next section. A very truthful example of how functionalmaps can shape strategy is in the information technology industry. A functional map of the Information Technology Industry from the 1990s to the 2000s would reveal a shift from products to services. The service business in 2007-08 is approximately $750 billion, with IBM, whose share of this market is $54 billion, being the leader. HP, whose own share in the market is $17 billion seeing this shift in the industry and the need to build competitive strength, acquired EDS, whose share of the market is $21 billion. The combined share o f HP and EDS would then be $38 billion, allowing it to compete more strongly with IBM. Another simple example of the use of a functional map in creating strategy is in the software industry. In the 2000s the software market is moving from a packaged product to online software, where individuals can get software that is mostly free, supported by advertising. Google is using its leadership on the Web to provide online software that competes with Microsofts packaged software. Understanding this shift from packaged to online, and the corresponding change in the revenue model from direct sales (of product) to advertising, Microsoft is aggressively entering the online advertising business.Process for developing competitive strategy in a companyIf we combine the positioning framework for competitive strategy due to Porter, the evolutionary organization theoretic framework due to Burgelman, and augment these with the creation of relevant functional maps, then the resulting process of devel oping competitive strategy in a company can be decomposed into four stages, as follows. deliver 1 Company Analysis1. Establish the business goals and objectives (ROI, %market share, revenue, and growth aspirations). 2. Determine the technology strategy and product market strategy for the company. 3. Define the boilersuit development goals and objectives to align business goals, technology, and market strategies. 4. Develop the functional evolutionary maps of the markets and industry in which the company is embedded. Create functional maps (time-based evolutionary maps) for technology, product market, and manufacturingstrategy of the firm. These maps will be useful in the process of assessing and creating competitive strategy. Stage 2 Industry Analysis1. Perform the structural analysis of the industry in which the company is either an active competitor, or a new entrant, or a substitute. 2. Determine the existing competitive strategy of the company within the industry. 3. Determine the relationships between the company and the other players in the industry Stage 3 Assessment and Evolution of the companys strategy within the relevant markets and industries 1. Using the functional maps of the overall markets and industry in which the company is embedded, as well as the company specific functional maps, assess the evolution of the companys competitive strategy. 2. Decide on what the companys future competitive strategy should be, and the corresponding technology strategy, product market strategy, and manufacturing strategy. GlossaryAutonomous Strategy (also see induced strategy). Autonomous strategy refers to actions of individuals or small groups within the company that are outside the scope of stream high-level corporate strategy. While autonomous strategy is constrained by the companys characteristic (core) competencies, it usually (1) involves new competencies that are not the focus of the firm, and (2) results in so-called disruptive technologies that could change the strategic direction of the firm (Burgelman, 2002). Company Structure ( upended vs. horizontal). A vertical company is one which uses only its own proprietary technologies. A horizontal company is one which (usually because of the existence of open-standards) which does not solely rely on its own proprietary technologies, but usually uses technologies and products from other suppliers. In the computer industry, traditionally, Apple is an example of a vertical company, while Dell is an example of a horizontal company. The computer industry, itself, moved from a vertical structure to a horizontal structure in the 1980s (Ghemawhat, 1999). incorporated Strategy (official corporate strategy). Corporate strategy is top managements view of the basis of the companys success.It includes distinctive (core) competencies, product-market domains, and core values (Burgelman, 2002) Industry. The term industry, e.g., the consumer electronics industry,denotes (1) the manufacturers (or pr oducers) and (2) the suppliers of a primary product or service, as well as (3) the manufacturers of alternative products and services that could serve as a substitute (Porter, 1980). Market. The term market denotes the buyers (or customers) of the product or service. typically markets are segmented, for example, a two-dimensional segmentation based on the types of product (product segmentation) along one axis, and the types of customers (customer segmentation) along the other axis. The market, as represented by Buyers is an important part of the industry analysis in Porters framework. Once youve established the key assets and skills necessary to succeed in this business and have defined your distinct competitive advantage, you need to communicate them in a strategic form that will attract market share as well as defend it. Competitive strategies usually fall into these five areas1. Product2. Distribution3. Pricing4. Promotion5. AdvertisingMany of the factors leading to the formation of a strategy should already have been highlighted in previous sections, specifically in marketing strategies. Strategies primarily revolve just about establishing the point of entry in the product life cycle and an endurable competitive advantage. As weve already discussed, this involves defining the elements that will set your product or service apart from your competitors or strategic groups. You need to establish this competitive advantage clearly so the reader understands not only how you will chance upon your goals, but why your strategy will work.picReferencesBurgelman, R.A., Strategy is Destiny, The Free Press, novel York, 2002. Chopra, Sunil, and Peter Meindl, write out Chain Management, Strategy,Planning, and Operations, Third Edition, Pearson Prentice-Hall, 2007. Clark, K. B., and S.C. Wheelwright, Managing New Product and Process Development, Text and Cases, The Free Press, New York, 1993. Edwards, Cliff, Intel, Business Week, March 8, 2004, Pages 56-64. Ghemawat, P ankaj, Strategy and the Business Landscape, Text and Cases, Addison Wesley, 1999. Mintzberg, Henry and Bruce Ahlstrand, and Joseph Lampel, Strategy Safari, The Free Press, New York, 1998 Porter, Michael, Competitive Strategy, New York, The Free Press, 1980 Porter, Michael, Competitive Advantage, The Free Press, New York, 1985Figure 1 A strategic view of the technology firm, showing different types of strategyRevenue ($),Growth (%),Etc.Purpose of the companyFinancial StrategyCompetitiveStrategyMarketStrategyTechnologyStrategyBusiness Goals Vision Mission